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首页> 外文期刊>Pulmonary Circulation >Congenital Heart Disease and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in South America (2013 Grover Conference Series):
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Congenital Heart Disease and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in South America (2013 Grover Conference Series):

机译：南美先天性心脏病和肺动脉高压（2013年格罗弗会议系列）：

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South America is a territory of 17,819,100 km2, where ～388 million people live in 13 countries. In the region, access to medical assistance (e.g., for treatment of cardiovascular disorders) is relatively easy in metropolitan areas but difficult in remote places such as the Andes and the Amazon. Altitudes up to ～6,700 m influence the prevalence of congenital heart disease (CHD) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In tertiary centers, CHD is now treated earlier in life but remains an important etiology of PAH. In adolescents and adults with PAH assisted at institutions devoted to treatment of cardiovascular disorders, the relative frequency of PAH-CHD (～50%–60%) is even higher than that of idiopathic PAH. In one big tertiary center in S?o Paulo, Brazil, the prevalence of advanced PAH in children and adults with CHD is 1.2% and 4.2%, respectively. In young patients with cardiac septal defects (aged up to 2 years), pulmonary vascular abnormalities are a matter of concern in the decision about operability in 4.9% of cases. Access to specific PAH drugs is not uniform in South America, being unrealistic in remote places. In big cities, there are real possibilities for management of complex CHD, neonatal disorders, and even cardiac transplantation. Research activities have been implemented at clinical, translational, and basic levels. However, because of social and economic inequalities and political issues, access to best standards of medical care remains a problem in the region as a whole.
机译：南美洲的面积为17,819,100平方千米，其中有3.88亿人口居住在13个国家/地区。在该地区，大城市地区获得医疗援助（例如，用于治疗心血管疾病）相对容易，而在安第斯山脉和亚马逊河等偏远地区则较困难。高达〜6,700 m的海拔高度会影响先天性心脏病（CHD）和肺动脉高压（PAH）的患病率。在三级中心，CHD现在已经过生命早期治疗，但仍然是PAH的重要病因。在专门用于心血管疾病治疗的机构中，在患有PAH的青少年和成人中，PAH-CHD的相对频率（〜50％–60％）甚至比特发性PAH的相对频率更高。在巴西圣保罗的一个大型三级中心，患有冠心病的儿童和成人中晚期PAH的患病率分别为1.2％和4.2％。在患有心脏间隔缺损的年轻患者（年龄不超过2岁）中，有4.9％的病例在决定是否可操作性时需要考虑肺血管异常。在南美，获得特定PAH药物的途径并不统一，在偏远地区是不现实的。在大城市，确实有可能管理复杂的冠心病，新生儿疾病，甚至进行心脏移植。研究活动已在临床，转化和基础层面上进行。但是，由于社会和经济上的不平等和政治问题，获得最佳医疗标准仍然是整个区域的问题。

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