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首页> 外文期刊>Psychology and Behavioral Sciences >Working Memory in Spanish-English and Chinese-English Bilinguals
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Working Memory in Spanish-English and Chinese-English Bilinguals

机译：西班牙语-英语和汉语-英语双语的工作记忆

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Many researchers demonstrated the causal effect of bilingualism for working memory ability; bilinguals have higher executive functions in maintaining higher working memory ability. The present research examined the effect of different language types college bilinguals--Chinese-English (two dispersed languages) and Spanish-English (two similar languages) bilinguals for their working memory abilities. Chinese-English and Spanish-English bilinguals have been compared in many studies. Spanish-English bilinguals are superior learning English with similar consonant, vowel, alphabetic orthographic system and phonetic structure. Therefore, they are outperformed in many language-related tasks because they use less switching and transferring cost in both languages. On the other hand, learning English for Chinese-English bilinguals is much challenging because of the greater language structure differences. They need to visually practice in Chinese logograph and English alphabetic orthographic system to achieve high levels of competencies in both languages. Hence, it implies Chinese- English bilinguals acquire a higher working memory ability to deal with languages and daily tasks than those Spanish-English bilinguals who exercise working memory less in languages. To evaluate how language can shape on human's working memory ability without language proficiency issue, a visual working memory (Paper Folding Test) was presented. By comparing the visual working memory test scores, Chinese-English bilinguals scored statistically higher than Spanish-English bilinguals, while controlling for gender and self-reported English level. Further research should investigate the relationship between bilingualism and working memory, and continuously assess the definitions on very shared languages and very dispersed languages.
机译：许多研究人员证明了双语对工作记忆能力的因果作用;双语者在维持较高的工作记忆能力方面具有较高的执行功能。本研究研究了不同语言类型的大学双语者-汉语-英语（两种分散的语言）和西班牙语-英语（两种相似的语言）的双语者对其工作记忆能力的影响。在许多研究中已经比较了汉英双语者。西班牙语-英语双语者是具有类似辅音，元音，字母拼写系统和语音结构的高级英语学习者。因此，它们在许多与语言有关的任务中均胜过它们，因为它们在两种语言中使用的切换和转移成本都更少。另一方面，由于更大的语言结构差异，为中英文双语者学习英语具有很大的挑战性。他们需要视觉上练习中文徽标和英文字母拼写系统，以实现两种语言的较高水平的能力。因此，这意味着中英文双语者比那些较少使用语言进行工作记忆的西班牙语-英语双语者具有更高的处理语言和日常任务的工作记忆能力。为了评估语言如何塑造人的工作记忆能力而没有语言能力问题，提出了一种视觉工作记忆（纸叠测试）。通过比较视觉工作记忆测验分数，中英文双语者的得分在统计学上高于西班牙英文双语者，同时控制了性别和自我报告的英语水平。进一步的研究应该调查双语与工作记忆之间的关系，并不断评估非常共享的语言和非常分散的语言的定义。

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