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Co-Assembly of Graphene Oxide and Albumin/Photosensitizer Nanohybrids towards Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy

机译：氧化石墨烯和白蛋白/光敏剂纳米杂化物共组装以增强光动力疗法

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The inactivation of photosensitizers before they reach the targeted tissues can be an important factor, which limits the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Here, we developed co-assembled nanohybrids of graphene oxide (GO) and albumin/photosensitizer that have a potential for protecting the photosensitizers from the environment and releasing them in targeted sites, allowing for an enhanced PDT. The nanohybrids were prepared by loading the pre-assembled nanoparticles of chlorin e6 (Ce6) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) on GO via non-covalent interactions. The protection to Ce6 is evident from the inhibited fluorescence and singlet oxygen generation activities of Ce6–BSA–GO nanohybrids. Importantly, compared to free Ce6 and Ce6 directly loaded by GO (Ce6–GO), Ce6–BSA–GO nanohybrids showed enhanced cellular uptake and in vitro release of Ce6, leading to an improved PDT efficiency. These results indicate that the smart photosensitizer delivery system constructed by co-assembly of GO and albumin is promising to improve the stability, biocompatibility, and efficiency of PDT.
机译：光敏剂到达目标组织之前的失活可能是一个重要因素，这限制了光动力疗法（PDT）的功效。在这里，我们开发了氧化石墨烯（GO）和白蛋白/光敏剂的复合纳米复合材料，它们具有保护光敏剂免受环境污染并将其释放到目标部位的潜力，从而增强了PDT。通过非共价相互作用将二氢卟酚e6（Ce6）和牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的预组装纳米颗粒加载到GO上，从而制备了纳米杂化物。通过抑制Ce6–BSA–GO纳米杂合物的荧光和单线态氧生成活性，可以明显看出对Ce6的保护。重要的是，与GO直接加载的游离Ce6和Ce6（Ce6-GO）相比，Ce6-BSA-GO纳米杂合物显示出细胞摄取增强和Ce6的体外释放，从而提高了PDT效率。这些结果表明，由GO和白蛋白共同组装构建的智能光敏剂输送系统有望改善PDT的稳定性，生物相容性和效率。

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