Hallucinogenic Effects Of Aqueous Seeds Extract OfDatura Metel In Rats.

M. G. Abubakar; U. Z. Suleiman; A.S. Frank; A. N. Ukwuani

摘要

The hallucinogenic effect of aqueous seed extract of D. metel was evaluated. The ethanolic extract was subjected to Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry and the result shows the presence of an alkaloid scopolamine. Male wister rats were divided into four groups and were orally administered with aqueous seed extract of 0.0, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8mg/kg body weight respectively. The treated groups exhibited some behavioral changes such as restlessness, aggressiveness, agitation and disorientation. The effect of the extract on the food and water intake shows a significant decrease (p<.05) in the 0.6 and 0.8mg/kg extract treated groups as compared with control. However, the heart rate increased significantly (p<.05) in 0.6 and 0.8mg/kg treated groups while the respiratory rate increased in the 0.8mg/kg treated group as compared with control respectively. A decrease of vitamin A, C and E was observed at all dose level particularly in 0.8mg/kg extract treated group (p<.05) at 3.27± 0.1, 4.08± 0.3 and 0.28± 0.04μg./dl respectively. The hallucinogenic effect observed may be due to the presence of the alkaloid scopolamine. Introduction The use of botanicals in their natural unprocessed form undoubtedly began when the first intelligent animal noticed that certain plants altered particular body function (Katzung, 2004). Hallucinogenic plants have been use as mind altering agents since the beginning of the recorded history. Besides being their use for therapeutic purposes, these agents are also use inform of abuse by criminals because of the fact that the agents in question produce a transient psychotic state to the user called “hallucination”; which is a sensory experience of something that does not exits out side mind. Hallucinations are defined also as “an apparent perception of an external object when no such object is present. It is to be differentiated from illusions in which real perceptions are misinterpreted (Hinsie and Campbell, 1970). It may involve distorted sensory perception so that things look differently from what they are (Marek, 1998). Consequences of the use of hallucinogenic plants for abuse include criminal tendencies men, prostitution in women and other social unrest. Datura metel is one of the most interesting plants with hallucinogenic properties. The plant is used for the treatment of asthma, depression, motion sickness and analgesic (Bonde, 2001). The watery extract of the leaves is applied around the eyes for the treatment of cataract (Conklin and Marie, 1976). The seeds were also use some time for criminal purposes. The criminal intoxicate themselves with boiled seed before perpetrating their acts. The widespread, uncontrolled use of these plants has made it necessary to apply scientific knowledge in order to ascertain the nature of these plants. The present study was therefore undertaken to investigate the possible active compound responsible for causing hallucination to the users.Corresponding Author: A. N. Ukwuani, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kebbi state university and technology, Aliero, Nigeria. Email: pinknnenna@yahoo.com Materials and Method Collection of Plant Material D. metel seeds were procured from different damp places within the Sokoto metropolis; the plant was identified and verified at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Herbarium (Botany Unit, Department of Biological Sciences). The seeds obtained were open-air-dried under the shade, pulverized into a moderately coarse powder (using pestle and mortar). Solvent Extraction and FractionationFractionation of the extract was done by activity guided fractionation using ethanol-water (1:1) and different (methanol, chloroform and petroleum ether) organic solvents. The powdered plant extract (50g) was extracted with 200mL of ethanol-water (1:1) for 24hrs and filtered. The filtrate was partitioned in 100mL methanol, the methanol extract was then removed, and the aqueous filtrate (ethanol-water) was further partitioned with 100mL petrole

机译：评价了D. metel的含水种子提取物的致幻作用。对乙醇提取物进行气相色谱质谱分析，结果表明存在生物碱东pol碱。将雄性紫ister大鼠分为四组，分别口服0.0、0.4、0.6和0.8mg / kg体重的含水种子提取物。治疗组表现出一些行为改变，例如躁动，攻击性，激动和迷失方向。与对照组相比，在0.6和0.8mg / kg提取物处理组中，提取物对食物和水的摄入量显示出显着降低（p <.05）。然而，与对照组相比，在0.6和0.8mg / kg治疗组中心率显着增加（p ＜.05），而在0.8mg / kg治疗组中呼吸率分别增加。在所有剂量水平下都观察到维生素A，C和E的减少，特别是在0.8mg / kg提取物处理组（p <.05）中，分别为3.27±0.1、4.08±0.3和0.28±0.04μg。/ dl。观察到的致幻作用可能是由于生物碱东pol碱的存在。引言毫无疑问，当第一个聪明的动物注意到某些植物改变了特定的身体机能时，便开始以其天然的未经加工的形式使用植物药（Katzung，2004）。自记录的历史开始以来，产生致幻作用的植物已被用作改变思想的媒介。这些试剂除了用于治疗目的外，还用于犯罪分子的滥用信息，因为这些试剂会对使用者产生一种短暂的精神病状态，称为“幻觉”。这是对某些事物的感官体验，而这些思想并没有超出人们的思维范围。幻觉也定义为“当不存在外部物体时对外部物体的明显感知。应当将其与对真实感知有误解的幻觉区分开（Hinsie and Campbell，1970）。它可能涉及扭曲的感官知觉，从而使事物看上去与它们的外观有所不同（Marek，1998年）。使用致幻剂植物进行滥用的后果包括男子的犯罪倾向，妇女的卖淫和其他社会动荡。曼陀罗（Datura metel）是引起幻觉的最有趣的植物之一。该植物用于治疗哮喘，抑郁症，晕车和止痛药（Bonde，2001年）。叶子的水状提取物涂在眼睛周围，用于治疗白内障（Conklin和Marie，1976）。种子也被用于犯罪目的。罪犯在犯罪前先用煮熟的种子陶醉。这些植物的广泛，不受控制的使用，使得必须应用科学知识来确定这些植物的性质。因此，本研究旨在调查可能导致使用者产生幻觉的活性化合物。通讯作者：尼日利亚阿比罗尔州科比州立大学技术学院理学院生物化学系A. N. Ukwuani电子邮件：pinknnenna@yahoo.com植物材料的材料和方法的收集D. metel种子是从Sokoto大都市内的潮湿地方购买的;该植物已在Usmanu Danfodiyo大学索科托植物标本室（生物科学系植物学系）鉴定和验证。将获得的种子在阴凉处露天干燥，粉碎成中等粗度的粉末（用杵和臼）。溶剂萃取和分馏通过使用乙醇-水（1：1）和不同的（甲醇，氯仿和石油醚）有机溶剂进行活性导向的分馏来完成萃取物的分馏。用200mL乙醇-水（1：1）提取植物提取物粉末（50g）24小时，然后过滤。将滤液在100mL甲醇中分配，然后除去甲醇萃取液，并将含水滤液（乙醇-水）进一步在100mL石油醚中分配。

Hallucinogenic Effects Of Aqueous Seeds Extract OfDatura Metel In Rats.

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