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首页> 外文期刊>The Internet Journal of Rescue and Disaster Medicine >The Israeli Experience with Hospital Preparedness to Terrorism
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The Israeli Experience with Hospital Preparedness to Terrorism

机译：以色列对医院做好恐怖主义准备的经验

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The civilian population in Israel has known several waves of terror, the most recent one beginning in September 2000. The current wave of suicide bombing in Israel is different from previous waves (Hanoch et al., 1996) in that the bombs are carried by suicide bombers and are packed with nails, iron pellets and screws (Mintz et al., 2002) in an attempt to maximize injury and to cause complex trauma thus elevating the number of casualties. Between September 2000 and November 2004, a total of 694 civilians have been killed and 4771 civilians have been injured in this wave of terrorism (IDF, 2004). Standing protocols for coping with casualties of such events have been developed (Almogy et al., 2004; Kluger et al., 2004; Peleg et al., 2004; Riba & Reches, 2000; Shamir et al., 2004), and the general population seems to be coping adequately (Bleich et al., 2003). But the turn of events imposes that beyond coping with “conventional terrorism”, hospitals must be ready to cope with a much more complex possible threat, that of chemical or biological terror. Chemical or biological terror may cause mass casualties, but a major damage of such a threat is related mainly to psychological terror, both among the potential casualties and the hospital staff treating them. While the issue of contingency programs and preparedness training of the clinical- and nonclinical-responders of hospitals has been addressed extensively both in Israel and elsewhere (Drory et al., 1999; Shemer et al., 1991; Sweeney et al., 2004; Thorne et al., 2004), it focused mainly on technical, medical and logistic aspects. Relatively very little attention has been paid to how responders and the public will react to biological or chemical terrorism and how emotional and behavioral responses might complicate an otherwise (technical-logistical) adequate response.
机译：以色列平民知道几次恐怖袭击，最近一次恐怖袭击始于2000年9月。目前以色列的自杀炸弹袭击与先前的几次恐怖袭击一样（Hanoch等，1996），因为炸弹是由自杀携带的轰炸机并装有钉子，铁丸和螺钉（Mintz等，2002），以最大程度地增加伤害并造成复杂的创伤，从而增加人员伤亡。在2000年9月至2004年11月之间，在这波恐怖主义浪潮中，共有694名平民被杀，4771名平民受伤（IDF，2004）。已经制定了应对此类事件伤亡的常规协议（Almogy等，2004; Kluger等，2004; Peleg等，2004; Riba＆Reches，2000; Shamir等，2004），并且普通人群似乎已经足够应付（Bleich等，2003）。但是，事件的转折表明，除了应对“常规恐怖主义”之外，医院还必须准备应对更为复杂的可能的威胁，即化学或生物恐怖威胁。化学或生物恐怖可能会造成大规模人员伤亡，但这种威胁的主要损害主要与心理恐怖有关，无论是潜在伤亡者还是治疗人员。虽然在以色列和其他地方已经广泛讨论了医院的临床和非临床响应者的应急计划和备灾训练的问题（Drory等，1999; Shemer等，1991; Sweeney等，2004; Harry等，1999）。 Thorne et al。，2004），主要集中在技术，医学和物流方面。相对很少有人关注响应者和公众如何对生物或化学恐怖主义做出反应，以及情绪和行为反应如何使原本适当的（技术后勤）反应复杂化。

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