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首页> 外文期刊>The Internet Journal of Rescue and Disaster Medicine >Emergency Rations For Expeditions In Different Climates
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Emergency Rations For Expeditions In Different Climates

机译：不同气候下的远征应急配给

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Lifeboats have for long been provided with rations for those who survive the immediate disaster of shipwreck. Many civilian and military airplanes also carry emergency rations for use in the event of a forced landing in an isolated place. In some military planes the pilot can, in an emergency, eject himself and his seat from the plane and descend by parachute.Attached to the undersurface of the seat are rations and equipment for survival. There has been much study of the most suitable type of emergency ration for these purposes.Castaways are usually rescued, if at all, within a period of 14 days. It is not generally considered practical to plan for any longer period of survival. Rescue equipment must provide many other things besides food. Food, in fact, receives a very low priority: for no healthy man will die of starvation in 14 days, nor will he suffer any permanent adverse effect from the experience, although his physical efficiency will be somewhat reduced at the time. However, within 14 days he can readily die of lack of water or from exposure to extremes of heat or cold. Protection against the environment and water have, therefore, priority over food, as also has ratio equipment which enables the survivor to get in touch with rescue parties. Nevertheless all emergency equipment contains some food which will, in part, prevent the physical deterioration consequent upon total fasting and, perhaps more important, sustain the morale of the survivors.
机译：长期以来，救生艇一直为那些在海难中幸免的幸存者提供口粮。许多民用和军用飞机还携带紧急口粮，以供在孤立地点被迫降落时使用。在某些军用飞机上，飞行员在紧急情况下可以将自己和座位从飞机上弹出，然后用降落伞降落。附着在座位底下的是口粮和救生设备。为了达到这些目的，已经对最合适的应急口粮类型进行了很多研究，通常可以在14天之内营救出高速公路。通常，计划更长的生存期并不可行。救援设备除提供食物外还必须提供许多其他东西。实际上，食物的优先级很低：因为健康的人不会在14天之内死于饥饿，也不会因此遭受永久性的不利影响，尽管此时身体效率会有所降低。但是，在14天之内，他可能会因缺水或暴露于极端高温或寒冷而死亡。因此，对环境和水的保护比对食物的保护要优先，还有使幸存者与救援人员保持联系的配比设备。然而，所有应急设备都包含一些食物，这些食物将部分地防止由于完全禁食而导致的身体恶化，并且也许更重要的是，可以维持幸存者的士气。

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