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首页> 外文期刊>The Internet Journal of Neurology >Sigmund Freud, MD: Forgotten Contributions to Neurology, Neuropathology, and Anesthesia
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Sigmund Freud, MD: Forgotten Contributions to Neurology, Neuropathology, and Anesthesia

机译：西格蒙德·弗洛伊德（Sigmund Freud），医学博士：神经病学，神经病理学和麻醉学的被遗忘的贡献

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Dr. Sigmund Freud began his professional career as a neurologist and clinical investigator. While his contributions to psychoanalytic theory account for his worldwide renown, it is his early work in the neurosciences that Freud hoped would bring him the professional respect he desired. Today his contributions to neurology, neuropathology, and anesthesia are all but forgotten. In fact, many students and clinicians in the neurosciences are not even aware that Freud's initial scientific work was instrumental in allowing for the major discoveries of his time. In fact, Dr. Sigmund Freud made several notable contributions to the fields of neurology, neuropathology, and anesthesia; contributions that have long since been forgotten despite their pivotal role in launching the discoveries of other scientists. It is these forgotten contributions that best demonstrate Freud's scientific and research capabilities - particularly his ability to observe and describe a variety of disease processes. Introduction Freud became interested in the neurosciences early in his career as a physician and researcher. Prior to beginning work on his theory of psychoanalysis, Freud (under the tutelage of great thinkers like Charcot and Maynert) made several contributions to the field of neurology and completed four large texts on several topics of interest to neurologists, neuropathologists, and anesthesiologists during the early years of his career. His primary contributions include, but are not limited to, the following investigations and research papers regarding the following topics that will be described briefly in this article: Freud initiated his work in neurology with basic science research into the phylogenetic association between the central nervous system of lower vertebrates and humans. [1,2,3] Using Crayfish, Freud demonstrated that nerve fibers emerge from a web-like substance in the neurons and that the structure is always fibrillary. [15] Freud introduced the use of gold chloride to stain nerve tissues. [4] Freud published three important papers describing the structure and function of the medulla oblongata and the connection between the posterior columns of the spinal cord, the acoustic nerve, and the cerebellum. Freud wrote the first analytical and scientific summary of research on cocaine and was the first investigator to predict its potential use as a local anesthetic. [5,6] Freud also wrote four major texts describing neurological disorders including a work entitled, Aphasia: A Critical Study, published in 1891. [7,8] His second book, co-authored with Oscar Rie, was a monograph entitled Clinical Study on the Unilateral Cerebral Paralyses of Children also published in 1891. [9,10] In addition, Freud published a third text in 1893 entitled On the Knowledge About Cerebral Diplegias of the Childhood Age (In Connection with Little's Disease). [9,10] Freud's work in the area of cerebral paralysis culminated in 1897 when he published his final work in neurology entitled, Infantile Cerebral Paralysis. [11]
机译：Sigmund Freud博士以神经病学家和临床研究者的身份开始了他的职业生涯。尽管弗洛伊德希望他对精神分析理论的贡献享誉全球，但弗洛伊德希望这是他在神经科学领域的早期工作，能够为他带来他所期望的专业尊重。今天，他对神经病学，神经病理学和麻醉学的贡献几乎被人遗忘了。实际上，许多神经科学领域的学生和临床医生甚至都不知道弗洛伊德的最初的科学工作对他这一时代的重大发现是有帮助的。实际上，西格蒙德·弗洛伊德（Sigmund Freud）博士在神经病学，神经病理学和麻醉领域做出了许多杰出贡献。尽管在推动其他科学家的发现中起着关键作用，但人们早就忘记了他们的贡献。这些被遗忘的贡献最能证明弗洛伊德的科学研究能力，尤其是他观察和描述各种疾病过程的能力。简介弗洛伊德在成为医生和研究人员的职业生涯初期就对神经科学产生了兴趣。在开始其心理分析理论之前，弗洛伊德（在夏尔科特（Charcot）和梅纳特（Maynert）这样的伟大思想家的指导下）对神经病学领域做出了一些贡献，并完成了关于神经病学家，神经病理学家和麻醉学家感兴趣的几个主题的四篇大文章他职业生涯的早期。他的主要贡献包括但不限于以下有关以下主题的研究和研究论文，本文将对此进行简要介绍：弗洛伊德开始了他在神经病学方面的工作，其中包括基础科学研究以研究神经系统中枢神经系统之间的系统发育联系。低等脊椎动物和人类。 [1,2,3]弗洛伊德使用小龙虾证明神经纤维是从神经元中的网状物质中出来的，其结构始终是原纤维状的。 [15]弗洛伊德介绍了使用氯化金染色神经组织的方法。 [4]弗洛伊德发表了三篇重要的论文，描述了延髓的结构和功能以及脊髓后柱，听神经和小脑之间的连接。弗洛伊德（Freud）撰写了可卡因研究的第一份分析和科学摘要，并且是第一位预测可卡因作为局部麻醉剂潜在用途的研究者。 [5,6]弗洛伊德还撰写了四篇描述神经系统疾病的主要著作，其中包括1891年出版的题为“失语症：一项关键研究”。[7,8]他的第二本书与奥斯卡·里（Oscar Rie）合着，是一本名为《临床》的专着。关于儿童单侧性脑瘫的研究也于1891年发表。[9,10]此外，弗洛伊德于1893年发表了第三篇文章，题为《关于童年时代的大脑截瘫的知识（与利特氏病有关）》。 [9,10]弗洛伊德在脑瘫领域的工作在1897年达到高潮，当时他发表了他的神经病学最后一篇题为《小儿脑瘫》的文章。 [11]

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