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Models of addiction and types of interventions: An integrative look

机译：成瘾的模型和干预类型：综合外观

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Simon, R., & West, R. (2015). Models of addiction and types of interventions: An integrative look. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4 (1), 13-20. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.198 Background: Use of psychoactive substances and problem gambling create serious harm to individuals who engage in these practices and to society as a whole (World Health Organization, 2002). The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) regularly monitors drug-related problems and interventions, as well as the efficiency of interventions. The scope and methodology of monitoring, however, depends on the conceptualization of “addiction.” Methods: The relevant literature was screened for models and theories relating to “addiction,” resulting in a systematic overview of the concepts and related approaches (EMCDDA, 2013). Using this as a background, different approaches for interventions and their theoretical bases are discussed. Results: Models of addiction follow two approaches. Most of these focus on the individual addict, involving constructs such as emotions, drive states, habits, choice, and goal-oriented processes, or else taking a more integrative or change-oriented view. Others are population-based models, including social network, economic, communication, and organizational system models. While substance- and non-substance-related addictions differ in a number of respects, they share key elements: a repeated powerful motivation to engage in a particular behavior, acquired through enacting the behavior, despite the experience or risk of significant harm. Nine different types of intervention to combat addiction found in the literature involve attempts to change one or more of three factors that interact to underpin behavior: capability, opportunity, and motivation (the “COM-B” model). The models of addiction reviewed may serve as a basis for such interventions.
机译：Simon，R.和West，R.（2015年）。成瘾的模型和干预类型：综合外观。国际酒精与药物研究杂志，4（1），13-20。 doi：http：//dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.198背景：使用精神活性物质和问题赌博会严重危害从事这些行为的个人以及整个社会（世界卫生组织，2002年） ）。欧洲毒品和毒瘾监测中心（EMCDDA）定期监测与毒品有关的问题和干预措施，以及干预措施的效率。但是，监控的范围和方法取决于“成瘾”的概念。方法：筛选相关文献中与“成瘾”有关的模型和理论，以系统地概述概念和相关方法（EMCDDA，2013年）。以此为背景，讨论了不同的干预方法及其理论基础。结果：成瘾模型遵循两种方法。其中大多数关注个体成瘾者，包括情绪，动力状态，习惯，选择和面向目标的过程等结构，或者采取更具整体性或面向变化的观点。其他是基于人口的模型，包括社交网络，经济，沟通和组织系统模型。尽管与物质和非物质相关的成瘾在许多方面有所不同，但它们具有关键要素：尽管有经验或有遭受重大伤害的风险，但通过制定行为获得了重复进行特定行为的强大动力。文献中发现有九种不同类型的抗瘾干预措施，它们试图改变相互作用以支撑行为的三个或多个因素：能力，机会和动机（“ COM-B”模型）。审查的成瘾模型可以作为此类干预措施的基础。

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