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首页> 外文期刊>The Internet Journal of Orthopedic Surgery >A spectroscopy based procedure for in-vivo detection of liver metastasis in a rat model.
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A spectroscopy based procedure for in-vivo detection of liver metastasis in a rat model.

机译：基于光谱的程序在大鼠模型中体内检测肝转移。

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This report focuses on the diagnosis of metastases affecting the liver of an animal model through a fiber-optic probe delivering visible light and the analysis through the Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy. The metastases induction was limited to the right lobes of the liver, with the uncontaminated lobes of the same animal used as healthy control. The experiments were performed either on explanted organs or in vivo, on anaesthetised animals. The analysis of the reflectance intensities showed broad differences between the metastasis and the control. From both situations a panel of diagnostic wavelengths was argued, upon considering the specificity of the respective spectrum profile: 470 ÷ 480 nm, 485 ÷ 495 nm, 626 ÷ 632 nm and 636 ÷ 640 nm, plus smaller intervals centred at 500 nm and 535 nm. As consequence, we suggest that this probe configuration could be worthy of being further developed as a diagnostic tool. Introduction Biological tissue is assumed to behave as a turbid optical medium (Perelman LT et al, 1994, Yodh A el al, 1995). Several components are considered as responsible for both the absorption and the scattering of an incident light radiation (Perelman LT et al, 1998). The latter phenomenon provides significant attractiveness as far as the field of the optical biopsy is concerned, mainly due to the possibility of investigating tissue pathologies, such as cancerous or even pre-cancerous lesions, by means of a non-invasive approach. It is generally assumed that changes in the optical properties of biological tissues are the consequence of variations involving either the physiology or the morphology of the cells (Amelink A et al, 2004).Several recent studies, aimed at the achievement of consistent solutions for the equations derived from the complex theories concerning the Light Scattering Spectroscopy (LSS), have been especially focussing on the measurements of the optical properties within the superficial layers of the biological tissue, for example at the level of mucosae (Perelman LT et al, 1998). As a matter of fact, many types of solid tumours arise within the epithelial layers and some common features have been reported, mostly concerning the morphology and the invasiveness of the malignant cells in the underlying tissues. The evidence of a significant enlargement of the nuclear dimensions in the tumour cells and cells crowding, as compared with those of the normal tissue, was obtained first through optical microscopy, the gold-standard technique, as reported for example in the case of breast, colon, bladder, prostate, cervix and liver cancers (Dukor R, 2002). The equation proposed by Van de Hulst (vd Hulst HC, 1957) has been used in order to describe the optical scattering cross-section (σ) of the epithelial nuclei and the related reflectance (R), as measured by means of an optical probe and conformingly to the theory of Mie (Perelman LT et al, 1998). By means of such analysis it has been possible to differentiate effectively the nuclear size distribution of malignant cell lines from that of the normal counterpart.Unfortunately, other sub-cellular structures of minor dimensions, ranging from the mitochondrion to the collagen based extracellular matrix, and including several chromophores such as the haemoglobin, contribute significantly to the scattering or absorption of the light (Perelman LT et al, 1998), so that the averaged scattering properties in a tissue depend ultimately on the individual scattering properties of such sub-cellular entities and their relative concentrations, yet the prediction of each sub-cellular particle’s size contribution to the transport scattering coefficient (μ’s) remains a controversial item (Mourant JR et al, 1998, Mourant JR et al, 2000). For example, in the study of Beauvoit and collaborators (Beauvoit B el al, 1995) a correlation has been shown between μ’s and the mitochondrial content of a panel of rat’s investigated tissues, the white adipose tissue representing an intrigu
机译：该报告的重点是通过提供可见光的光纤探针诊断影响动物肝脏的转移，并通过漫反射光谱法进行分析。转移的诱导仅限于肝的右叶，而同一动物的未受污染的叶用作健康对照。实验是在植入的器官上或在体内，在麻醉的动物上进行的。反射强度的分析显示转移与对照之间存在很大差异。在这两种情况下，在考虑相应光谱图的特异性的情况下，提出了一组诊断波长：470÷480 nm，485÷495 nm，626÷632 nm和636÷640 nm，以及以500 nm和535为中心的较小间隔纳米因此，我们建议将此探针配置作为诊断工具值得进一步开发。引言假定生物组织的行为就像是浑浊的光学介质（Perelman LT等，1994; Yodh A等，1995）。几种成分被认为是入射光辐射的吸收和散射的原因（Perelman LT等，1998）。就光学活检领域而言，后一种现象提供了显着的吸引力，这主要是由于有可能通过非侵入性方法研究组织病理学，例如癌性甚至癌前病变。通常认为，生物组织的光学特性的变化是细胞生理或形态变化的结果（Amelink A等，2004）。最近的一些研究旨在获得一致的解决方案。从有关光散射光谱（LSS）的复杂理论中得出的方程特别关注于在生物组织表层内（例如在粘膜水平）的光学性质的测量（Perelman LT等，1998）。 。事实上，在上皮层内会出现许多类型的实体瘤，并且已经报道了一些共同的特征，主要涉及基础组织中恶性细胞的形态和侵袭性。与正常组织相比，首先通过光学显微镜（金标准技术）获得了肿瘤细胞和拥挤细胞核尺寸显着增加的证据，例如在乳腺疾病的报道中，结肠癌，膀胱癌，前列腺癌，子宫颈癌和肝癌（Dukor R，2002年）。使用Van de Hulst（vd Hulst HC，1957）提出的方程式来描述上皮细胞核的光散射截面（σ）和相关反射率（R），通过光学探针测量并符合米氏理论（Perelman LT等，1998）。通过这种分析，有可能有效地区分恶性细胞系的核大小分布与正常对应物的核大小分布。不幸的是，其他较小的亚细胞结构，从线粒体到基于胶原的细胞外基质，以及包括几种生色团（例如血红蛋白），对光的散射或吸收有显着贡献（Perelman LT等，1998），因此组织中的平均散射特性最终取决于此类亚细胞实体的个体散射特性，并且它们的相对浓度，但是关于每个亚细胞颗粒大小对转运散射系数（μ's）的贡献的预测仍然是一个有争议的项目（Mourant JR等，1998; Mourant JR等，2000）。例如，在Beauvoit及其合作者的研究中（Beauvoit B等，1995），μ's与一组老鼠的被调查组织的线粒体含量之间存在相关性，白色脂肪组织代表着一种有趣的现象。

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