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首页> 外文期刊>The Internet Journal of Orthopedic Surgery >Production Of Polyclonal Antibodies In Milk For Protection Against Deltamethrin Poisoning
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Production Of Polyclonal Antibodies In Milk For Protection Against Deltamethrin Poisoning

机译：牛奶中多克隆抗体的生产用于防止溴氰菊酯中毒

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Background: As most infectious agents are developing resistance to antibiotics; immunotherapy may provide a convenient treatment alternative. Unlike antibiotics, immunotherapy could be used to treat poisoning and being used as cancer therapy. Deltamethrin; a common insecticide; was chosen in this study as the poisoning agent to assess the effectiveness and practicality of using neutralizing antibodies in the milk of sheep. Methods: Two Merino ewes were immunized against deltamethrin. Antibody levels in the serum and milk of both ewes were measured to confirm antibody production. Then, milk was orally fed to 3 groups of adult Balb/c mice after overdosing with deltamethrin. Results: Continuous visual monitoring of the poisoned mice showed that the mean time to recovery with milk enriched with polyclonal antibodies (pAb) was shorter than that for control group treated with sheep’s milk without pAb (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Polyclonal antibodies derived from sheep’s milk may be a promising therapeutic tool against toxicity. Introduction The primary way of fighting infection is by use of antibiotics, while cancers are treated by chemotherapy. Treating poisoning episodes is mainly by way of an antidote (if available) and supportive therapy, such as anticonvulsants. Nevertheless, these methods for treating poisoning may lead to the accumulation of harmful residues in the liver and kidneys. Immunotherapy using polyclonal antibodies may provide a convenient alternative. It is a practical method since it can be produced naturally in domestic animals. Being a protein that is naturally occurring, it does not accumulate as harmful residues in the body. Immunotherapy is friendly to the environment and it is biodegradable, chemical free solution.This study used antibodies in the milk of sheep as a treatment against deltamethrin poisoning. Deltamethrin is one of the widely used insecticides because of its low level of toxicity to human 11. More or less, deltamethrin is probably ingested with daily diet 23. It is a Type II Pyrethroid developed by Elliot et al (1974) 15. Deltamethrin is widely used in agriculture, in pest control in the home and to control disease vectors 1, 5, 20. Nevertheless, deltamethrin has been shown to cause negative effects on the environment including humans and animals, mainly fish 19. Systemic poisoning can occur due to misuse or inadequate user protection 21. There have been reported death cases due to deltamethrin poisoning 22. There were 325 cases of acute deltamethrin toxicity (158 occupational and 167 accidental) reported in Chinese medical literature during the period 1983-1988 10, 16. Occupational exposures primarily resulted from mishandling during agricultural application and accidental ingestion of commercial deltamethrin-containing insecticides 11, 16. In addition, there have been reports on exposure to dangerously high levels of deltamethrin in operators applying insecticides on a routine basis 9, 16. Deltamethrin causes prolonged sodium influx along neuronal axons leading to persistent nerve depolarization and blockage of their conduction 15, 17, 24. It also blocks the inhibitory pathway of the central nervous system through binding and altering gamma-aminobutyric acid-receptor-mediated chloride channels 15, 17. In humans, large exposure to deltamethrin results in pronounced salivation, course whole body tremors resembling that caused by dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) poisoning, choreoathetosis, vomiting, diarrhea and seizures. Death may occur if untreated 5, 11. Direct skin contact causes burning, numbness and tingling 3.There is no specific effective treatment against deltamethrin toxicity 14, 15, 18. Current approaches to manage deltamethrin poisoning are supportive and required for bronchospasm. The treatment of anaphylaxis includes the administration of antihistamines and benzodiazepines is also prescribed 7, 15. As a result, the development of an effective therapy that neutralizes deltamethri
机译：背景：由于大多数传染病对抗生素产生了耐药性;免疫疗法可提供一种方便的治疗选择。与抗生素不同，免疫疗法可用于治疗中毒并被用作癌症疗法。溴氰菊酯;普通的杀虫剂;在本研究中，Nanostar被选作中毒剂，以评估在羊奶中使用中和抗体的有效性和实用性。方法：对两只美利奴羊母羊进行溴氰菊酯免疫。测量两种母羊的血清和牛奶中的抗体水平以确认抗体的产生。然后，在过量服用溴氰菊酯后，将牛奶口服喂给3组成年Balb / c小鼠。结果：对中毒小鼠进行连续的视觉监测表明，用富含多克隆抗体（pAb）的牛奶恢复的平均时间比用不含pAb的羊奶治疗的对照组的平均恢复时间短（p <0.05）。结论：源自羊乳的多克隆抗体可能是一种有前景的抗毒性治疗工具。简介对抗感染的主要方法是使用抗生素，而癌症则通过化学疗法来治疗。治疗中毒发作主要是通过解毒剂（如果有）和支持疗法，例如抗惊厥药。然而，这些治疗中毒的方法可能导致肝脏和肾脏中有害残留物的积累。使用多克隆抗体的免疫疗法可能会提供一种方便的选择。这是一种实用的方法，因为它可以在家畜中自然产生。作为天然存在的蛋白质，它不会在人体中积累为有害残留物。免疫疗法对环境友好，是一种可生物降解的无化学溶液。本研究使用羊奶中的抗体来治疗溴氰菊酯中毒。溴氰菊酯是一种广泛使用的杀虫剂，因为它对人11的毒性低。或多或少地，溴氰菊酯可能与日常饮食23一起摄入。它是Elliot等人（1974年）开发的II型拟除虫菊酯15。广泛用于农业，家庭害虫防治和控制病媒1、5、20。尽管如此，溴氰菊酯已显示出对包括人类和动物（主要是鱼类19）在内的环境造成负面影响。误用或使用者保护不足21.曾报道溴氰菊酯中毒导致死亡的案例22. 1983-1988年10，16期间，中国医学文献报道了325例溴氰菊酯急性毒性（职业性158例，意外事故167例）。暴露主要是由于农业应用过程中的处理不当以及意外摄入含有溴氰菊酯的商业杀虫剂11、16而引起的。此外，在常规应用杀虫剂的操作人员中，暴露于危险的高浓度溴氰菊酯中的危险9、16。溴氰菊酯会导致沿神经元轴突的钠长时间流入，导致持续的神经去极化和传导15、17、24阻塞。通过结合和改变γ-氨基丁酸受体介导的氯离子通道15、17的中枢神经系统途径胆囊炎，呕吐，腹泻和癫痫发作。如果未经治疗5、11，可能会导致死亡。直接接触皮肤会导致灼伤，麻木和刺痛3.没有针对溴氰菊酯毒性14、15、18的特定有效治疗方法。目前控制溴氰菊酯中毒的方法对支气管痉挛是支持性和必需的。过敏反应的治疗包括给予抗组胺药和苯二氮卓类药物，处方为7、15。结果，开发了一种中和溴氰菊酯的有效疗法

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