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首页> 外文期刊>The Internet Journal of Orthopedic Surgery >Histopathological And Biochemical Effects Of Chloroquine Phosphate On The Testes Of Male Albino Wistar Rats
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Histopathological And Biochemical Effects Of Chloroquine Phosphate On The Testes Of Male Albino Wistar Rats

机译：氯喹对雄性白化Wistar大鼠睾丸的组织病理学和生化影响

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Histolpathological and biochemical effects of chloroquine phosphate were investigated. Rats weighing 180-200g selected from the animal stock of Anatomy department, University of Calabar, Nigeria were randomly divided into three groups (1, 2 and 3). Groups 2 and 3 received 2mg/kg and 4mg/kg body weights of chloroquine respectively for 4 weeks. Group 1 animals served as control and were given normal saline in place of the drug. All the animals had free access to rat chow and tap water during the period of the experiment. Seminiferous tubules of the treated groups were shrunken compared to control. There was degeneration of the interstitial tissues and associated loss of interstitial cells of Leydig. Poorly developed spermatozoa were lying freely in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules accompanied with cell debris. We observed decrease in the diameter of the seminiferous tubules and development of necrospermia. Sertoli and Leydig cells were found to have regressed in the test groups. Biochemical observations revealed an increase in the tissue activity of alkaline phosphatase and serum glucose concentration. Treatment of experimental animals with 2mg and 4mg/kg body weight significantly reduced the level of DNA and RNA when compared to those of controls. These findings seem to unfold the toxicological implication of chronic application of chloroquine phosphate treatment on male reproductive organ. Introduction Chloroquine is used for the treatment of amoebasis, discoid lupus, erythematosis and rheumatoid arthritis (1) and for the treatment of all species of malaria as well as sensitive Plasmodium falciparum. Other less common uses of chloroquine are amoebic liver abscess, polymorphous light eruption, solar urticaria and chronic cutaneous vasculitis (2). Literature abounds on the adverse effects of chloroquine on tissues (3-5). Adverse reactions include, mental disturbances, bleaching of hair and gastrointestinal symptoms (6). Chloroquine has been misused over the years in Nigeria because of the ease of acquisition and its availability, such that any likely symptoms suggestive of malaria or headache are concluded to be malaria, and in most cases, self diagnosis is usually followed by self medication. Chloroquine has been implicated as an anti-fertility agent (7). Preliminary investigation has shown disruption of the process of spermatogenesis following toxic administration of chloroquine (8). A reduction in Leydig cell population and concomitant decline in plasma testosterone level has also been reported (9).In the treatment of malaria, chloroquine is given for a short period of time, but in malaria endemic region of tropical Africa, treatment is often repeated in a period as short as 2 weeks due to repeated attack of the sickness (10). Chloroquine therapy may last up to 12 weeks in the treatment of discoid lupus, extra intestinal ameobiasis and rheumatoid arthritis (1). We therefore have considered the toxicity of chloroquine therapy on both histopathological and biochemical evaluation of the testis of male albino Wistar rats. Materials and Methods Twenty-four (24) mature male albino Wistar rats weighing 180-200g, obtained from the animal house of the Human Anatomy department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar were kept in well ventilated experiment section of the animal house. Animals were randomly distributed into 3 experimental groups of 8 rats each and were acclimatized for 3 days before the commencement of treatment. Group 1 animals served as control, while groups 2 and 3 received daily oral dose of 2 and 4mg/kg body weight of chloroquine phosphate respectively for 4 weeks. Equal volume of normal saline, which served as placebo was given to animals in the control group. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, the animals were anesthetized under chloroform vapour. Blood samples for sera preparation were collected by cardiac puncture into sterile plan tubes. Sera were separated from the clot by
机译：研究了氯喹磷酸的组织病理学和生化作用。从尼日利亚卡拉巴尔大学解剖系动物种群中选出的体重为180-200g的大鼠随机分为三组（1、2和3）。第2组和第3组分别接受2mg / kg和4mg / kg体重的氯喹治疗4周。第1组动物作为对照并给予生理盐水代替药物。在实验期间，所有动物都可以自由进食大鼠食物和自来水。与对照组相比，治疗组的曲细精管缩小了。间质组织变性和Leydig间质细胞的相关损失。发育不良的精子自由地躺在生精小管腔内并伴有细胞碎片。我们观察到生精小管直径的减少和坏死症的发展。在测试组中发现Sertoli和Leydig细胞已经退化。生化观察表明，碱性磷酸酶的组织活性和血清葡萄糖浓度增加。与对照组相比，用2mg和4mg / kg体重的实验动物进行治疗可显着降低DNA和RNA的水平。这些发现似乎揭示了长期使用氯喹磷酸酯治疗男性生殖器官的毒理学意义。简介氯喹用于治疗变形虫，盘状红斑狼疮，红斑和类风湿性关节炎（1），并用于治疗所有种类的疟疾以及敏感的恶性疟原虫。氯喹的其他较不常见的用途是阿米巴肝脓肿，多形性喷发，日光性荨麻疹和慢性皮肤血管炎（2）。关于氯喹对组织的不利影响的文献很多（3-5）。不良反应包括精神障碍，头发漂白和胃肠道症状（6）。尼日利亚多年来一直在滥用氯喹，因为它易于获取且易于获取，因此可以推断出任何暗示疟疾或头痛的可能症状都是疟疾，在大多数情况下，通常在进行自我诊断后再进行自我药物治疗。氯喹被认为是一种抗生育剂（7）。初步研究表明，毒性给药氯喹后会破坏精子生成过程（8）。也已经报道了Leydig细胞数量的减少和血浆睾丸激素水平的同时下降（9）。在疟疾的治疗中，短时间给予氯喹，但在热带非洲疟疾流行地区，经常重复治疗在短短2周内因反复发作的疾病而死亡（10）。氯喹疗法可治疗盘状狼疮，肠外阿米巴病和类风湿关节炎长达12周（1）。因此，我们考虑了氯喹疗法对雄性白化病Wistar大鼠睾丸的组织病理学和生化评估的毒性。材料与方法从卡拉巴尔大学基础医学学院人类解剖学系动物舍获得的二十四（24）只重180-200g的成年雄性白化Wistar雄鼠放在动物舍通风良好的实验区中。将动物随机分为3个实验组，每组8只大鼠，并在开始治疗前适应3天。第1组动物作为对照，而第2和第3组分别接受每天口服剂量为2和4mg / kg体重的氯喹磷酸盐4周。在对照组中给动物以等体积的生理盐水作为安慰剂。最后一次给药后24小时，将动物在氯仿蒸气下麻醉。通过心脏穿刺将血液样本用于血清制备，将其收集到无菌平板管中。血清从血块中分离出来

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