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Osteoporosis: Risk Factors, Diagnostic Methods And Treatment Options

机译:骨质疏松症:危险因素,诊断方法和治疗选择

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Osteoporosis afflicts more than 25 million Americans, causing 1.3 million fractures yearly at a cost of $10 billion. There are multiple risk factors for osteoporosis including postmenopausal women not on hormonal replacement therapy, chronic medication use (glucocorticoid therapy, heparin), hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, hypogonadism, secondary amenorrhea, and vertebral abnormalities. Current diagnostic techniques measure bone density via Dual-Energy X-ray Absortiometry (DEXA) and Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) from various sites including the spine, hip and forearm. Therapeutic regimes include estrogen replacement therapy through oral and transdermal routes, calcium supplementation, vitamin D replacement and bone reabsorption inhibitors such as calcitonin or allendronate sodium (Fosamax). Osteoporosis is a treatable, often preventable disease. Preventative and therapeutic treatment should be given before signs occur or as early in the disease as possible.
机译:骨质疏松症折磨着超过2500万美国人,每年造成130万例骨折,耗资100亿美元。骨质疏松症有多种危险因素,包括绝经后妇女不进行激素替代治疗,长期服用药物(糖皮质激素治疗,肝素),甲状腺功能亢进,甲状旁腺功能亢进,性腺功能低下,继发性闭经和椎体异常。当前的诊断技术通过双能X线骨密度仪(DEXA)和定量计算机断层扫描(QCT)从包括脊柱,臀部和前臂在内的各个部位测量骨密度。治疗方案包括通过口服和经皮途径的雌激素替代疗法,补钙,维生素D替代和骨吸收抑制剂,例如降钙素或艾伦膦酸钠(Fosamax)。骨质疏松症是可治疗的,通常是可预防的疾病。应在体征出现之前或尽可能早地进行预防和治疗。

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