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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology >FERMENTATIVE PRODUCTION OF L-GLUTAMIC ACID FROM α-KETOGLUTARIC ACID AND AMMONIUM SALT
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FERMENTATIVE PRODUCTION OF L-GLUTAMIC ACID FROM α-KETOGLUTARIC ACID AND AMMONIUM SALT

机译：从α-酮葡糖酸和铵盐发酵生产L-葡糖酸

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1. Searches for the microorganism which are able to grow in the medium, containing α-ketoglutaric acid and ammonium chloride, and do accumulate L-glutamic acid in the medium were carried out. The accumulation of L-glutamic acid was detected in the cultures of the microorganisms belonging to the following genera;Agrobacterium, Aerobacter, Aeromonas, Bacillus, Bacterium, Erwinia, Escherichia, Micrococcus, Serratia, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas; Debaryomyces, Hansenula, Mycotorula, Pseudosaccharomyces, Saccharomyces, Willia, Aspergillus, Penicillium and Rhizopus.A strain of Pseudomonas ovalis showed the highest level of L-glutamic acid accumulation. A description of the morphological and physiological properties of this strain were presented. This strain was used in the subsequent experiments.2. A test of the effects of nitrogen sources on L-glutamic acid formation revealed that ammonium chloride was the best nitrogen source for the L-glutamic acid formation.3. The aerobic condition was favorable for the growth of this organism, but not for the accumulation of L-glutamic acid.4. The accumulation process of L-glutamic acid was separated from the growth phase of the organism. After the organism was grown in the medium A3 on the shaker at 30°C for 17 to 18hrs., the cells were harvested by centrifugation and washed thrice. The washed cells were added to the fresh medium A3, and incubated at 30°C. The initial concentration of the cells were 30mg cells (wet weight) per ml. The highest yield of L-glutamic acid was obtained when the pH of the medium was maintained neutral or slightly alkaline and the incubation was carried out anaerobically. Within 24 to 30hrs., about 98% of the added α-ketoglutaric acid was consumed and 30μM L-glutamic acid per ml, an amount corresponding to 60% of the consumed α-ketoglutaric acid, were accumulated in the medium.5. When the cell suspension was incubated aerobically or the pH of the medium was not controlled, the accumulation of L-glutamic acid remained at a lower level.6. The enzymological studies suggested that L-glutamic acid was formed through either one, or both, of the following pathways; 1. α-ketoglutarate+TPNH2+NH3-L-glutamic dehydrogenase→ L-glutamate+TPN+H2O2. α-ketoglutarate-TCA cycle→fumaratefumarate+NH3-aspartate→L-aspartateL-aspartate+α-ketoglutarate-aspartic-α-ketoglutaric transaminase →oxalacetate+L-glutamateThe pathway 1 seemed to be mainly working in our organism used.7. The problems derived from this work and left in the future studies were pointed out.
机译：1.寻找能够在含有α-酮戊二酸和氯化铵的培养基中生长并在培养基中积聚L-谷氨酸的微生物。在属于以下属的微生物的培养物中检测到L-谷氨酸的积累;农杆菌属，气杆菌，气单胞菌，芽孢杆菌，细菌，欧文氏菌，大肠埃希菌，微球菌，沙雷氏菌，假单胞菌，黄单胞菌;芽孢杆菌属，汉逊酵母属，分支杆菌属，假单胞菌属，酵母菌，威利娅，曲霉菌，青霉菌和根霉菌。卵假单胞菌菌株显示出最高水平的L-谷氨酸积累。介绍了该菌株的形态和生理特性。该菌株用于后续实验。2。氮源对L-谷氨酸形成的影响试验表明，氯化铵是L-谷氨酸形成的最佳氮源。3。有氧条件有利于该生物的生长，但不利于L-谷氨酸的积累。4。 L-谷氨酸的积累过程从生物的生长期中分离出来。生物体在30°C的振荡器上的A3培养基中生长17至18小时后，离心收集细胞并洗涤三次。将洗涤的细胞添加到新鲜的培养基A3中，并在30℃下孵育。细胞的初始浓度为每毫升30mg细胞（湿重）。当培养基的pH值保持中性或弱碱性并厌氧孵育时，可获得最高的L-谷氨酸收率。在24至30小时内，大约98％的添加的α-酮戊二酸被消耗了，每毫升30μML-谷氨酸在培养基中积累了相当于60％的消耗的α-酮戊二酸。5。有氧培养细胞悬液或不控制培养基的pH时，L-谷氨酸的积累保持较低水平。6。酶学研究表明，L-谷氨酸是通过以下一种或两种途径形成的。 1.α-酮戊二酸+ TPNH2 + NH3-L-谷氨酸脱氢酶→L-谷氨酸+ TPN + H2O2。 α-酮戊二酸-TCA循环→富马酸酯富马酸酯+ NH3-天冬氨酸→L-天冬氨酸L-天冬氨酸+α-酮戊二酸-天冬氨酸-α-酮戊二酸转氨酶→草酰乙酸+ L-谷氨酸7.途径1主要在我们使用的生物中起作用.7。指出了这项工作产生的问题，并留待以后的研究。

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