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首页> 外文期刊>The Internet Journal of Tropical Medicine >Cryptosporidium and other Intestinal Protozoans in Children with Diarrhoea in Lagos, Nigeria
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Cryptosporidium and other Intestinal Protozoans in Children with Diarrhoea in Lagos, Nigeria

机译：尼日利亚拉各斯腹泻儿童的隐孢子虫和其他肠道原生动物

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As reports of protozoan intestinal parasites in a mega city such as Lagos, Nigeria are scanty and not updated, this study reports the prevalence of intestinal parasites, especially Cryptosporidium species in One hundred and five (105) children less than five years that presented with gastroenteritis in a major tertiary hospital. Standard parasitologic techniques for stool examination and special stains showed cysts and oocysts of protozoan parasites. The overall prevalence rate of intestinal parasites was 27.6%. E.histolytica/dispar and Cryptosporidium oocyst were the most prevalent (9.5% and 17.1% respectively). The age with the highest infectivity was the 4 -5 year-old children from whom the following parasites were detected: Cryptosporidium oocysts (27.6%), Giardia lamblia (4.8%) and E. histolytica/dispar (9.5%). The infectivity of protozoan intestinal parasite was significantly higher in the 4 -5 age-groups (P< 0.001). The findings of this study (especially the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts) underscores the need to broaden the laboratory work-up in children that presents with gastroenteritis to include special staining technique so as to properly manage the condition. No intestinal helminth was detected among these children. Introduction Diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among young children in low-income countries12 . It is also ranked among the largest numbers of reported notifiable disease in Nigeria 34. There are various aetiological agents of diarrhoea in endemic areas and these include a wide variety of bacteria, viruses and parasites. The parasitic protozoans responsible for gastroenteritis include: Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Cryptosporidium sp etc. Of these reported gastrointestinal protozoal parasitoses, Cryptosporidium species is the most morbid due to its ability to cause severe diarrhea in immuncompromised and even in immunocompetent individuals56. Cryptosporidiosis as an emerging gastrointestinal disease can cause acute diarrhea by producing 6-8 watery stools per day 7. Cryptosporidium and other gastrointestinal protozoan parasites have been variously reported in children presenting with diarrhea in some countries 568 . Generally, especially in adults, cryptosporidiosis has been detected in patients with several chronic health conditions that may have depressed their immunity. These include: acquired immune deficiencies such as HIV/AIDs 910 diabetes 11, hematologic abnormalities 12, hospitalized and malnourished children 13. In developing countries where the infrastructure and health systems are poor, gastroenteritis occurs frequently and this could be as a result of unclean drinking water, abysmal housing conditions and poor education. Watery diarrhea is a characteristic presentations of patients infected with any of the parasitic protozoans such as Entamoeba intestinalis, Giardia lamblia, Microsporidia species and some other gastrointestinal protozoan parasite. Cryptosporidium, however, can by itself or in the presence of other intestinal protozoans cause severe and life threatening and even fatal diarrhea. The clinical signs ranged from abdominal cramps, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, cough, fever, headache, muscles or joints aches and malnutrition etc. Protozoan parasitic pathogens associated with diarrhea has been severally reported in pediatric and non-pediatric patients.45678 This study seeks to update available data and to highlight concurrent gastrointestinal infections involving Cryptosporidium in patients under 5 years of age in Lagos, Nigeria. Childhood diarrhea requires significant attention in developing countries, especially in sub Saharan Africa where these children are also burdened with malaria and respiratory disease so that the aetiological diarrheic agents can be elucidated. The need to include Cryptosporidium in the laboratory work for children presenting with diarrhea is indispensable for the appropriate management
机译：由于在尼日利亚拉各斯这样的大城市，原生动物肠道寄生虫的报道很少且没有更新，因此本研究报告了肠道寄生虫的流行，特别是在不到五年的胃肠炎中有一百零五（105）名儿童患有隐孢子虫。在一家大型三级医院。用于粪便检查的标准寄生虫学技术和特殊污渍显示了原生动物寄生虫的囊肿和卵囊。肠道寄生虫的总体患病率为27.6％。溶血性大肠杆菌/ dispar和隐孢子虫卵囊最普遍（分别为9.5％和17.1％）。传染性最高的年龄是4 -5岁儿童，从中检测到以下寄生虫：隐孢子虫卵囊（27.6％），贾第鞭毛虫（4.8％）和溶血性大肠杆菌/ dispar（9.5％）。在4 -5岁年龄组中，原生动物肠道寄生虫的感染性显着较高（P <0.001）。这项研究的结果（尤其是隐孢子虫卵囊的检测）强调需要扩大患有肠胃炎的儿童的实验室检查工作，以包括特殊的染色技术以适当地控制病情。在这些儿童中未检测到肠蠕虫。简介腹泻是低收入国家幼儿中发病和死亡的主要原因。在尼日利亚，它也是报告数量最多的应通报疾病之一。34.流行地区腹泻的病因有很多，其中包括各种各样的细菌，病毒和寄生虫。引起肠胃炎的寄生原生动物包括：肠溶肠虫，肠贾第鞭毛虫，隐孢子虫等。在已报道的胃肠原虫寄生虫中，隐孢子虫病是最易患病的，因为它有能力引起免疫力低下甚至是免疫能力强的人的腹泻56。隐孢子虫病是一种新兴的胃肠道疾病，每天可产生6-8份水样粪便，从而引起急性腹泻7。在一些国家，腹泻儿童中有隐孢子虫和其他胃肠道原生动物的寄生虫报道568。通常，特别是在成年人中，在患有几种慢性健康状况可能会降低其免疫力的患者中发现隐孢子虫病。这些疾病包括：获得性免疫缺陷，例如HIV / AIDs 910糖尿病11，血液学异常12，住院和营养不良的儿童13。在基础设施和卫生系统较差的发展中国家，胃肠炎经常发生，这可能是由于不干净的饮酒导致的水，恶劣的住房条件和不良的教育。水样腹泻是感染了任何寄生虫的动物的特征性表现，例如肠内肠虫，贾第鞭毛虫，小孢子虫和其他胃肠道原生动物的寄生虫。然而，隐孢子虫本身或在其他肠道原生动物的存在下会引起严重的生命危险甚至致命的腹泻。临床体征范围包括腹部绞痛，疲劳，食欲不振，恶心，呕吐，体重减轻，咳嗽，发烧，头痛，肌肉或关节疼痛和营养不良等。在腹泻和非腹泻患者中，曾多次报道与腹泻有关的原生动物寄生性病原体。 45678这项研究旨在更新可得的数据，并重点研究尼日利亚拉各斯5岁以下患者中涉及隐孢子虫的并发胃肠道感染。在发展中国家，特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲，儿童腹泻需要得到极大的重视，那里的这些儿童还患有疟疾和呼吸道疾病，因此可以阐明病原性腹泻药。对于腹泻患儿，需要在实验室工作中包括隐孢子虫，这对于适当的管理是必不可少的

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