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首页> 外文期刊>The Internet Journal of Tropical Medicine >A Comparison Of The Antimicrobial (Antifungal) Properties Of Garlic, Ginger And Lime On Aspergillus Flavus, Aspergillus Niger And Cladosporium Herbarum Using Organic And Water Base Extraction Methods
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A Comparison Of The Antimicrobial (Antifungal) Properties Of Garlic, Ginger And Lime On Aspergillus Flavus, Aspergillus Niger And Cladosporium Herbarum Using Organic And Water Base Extraction Methods

机译：大蒜，生姜和石灰对黄曲霉，尼日尔曲霉和植物标本的抗菌作用的有机和水基提取方法比较

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The study aim at comparing the antimicrobial (antifungal) properties of garlic, ginger and lime on Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Cladosporium herbarum using organic and water base extraction. Pure cultures of the test fungal were isolated from rotten vegetables, air spora, and a swab of the skin surface whilst filtered plant extracts were obtained by means of organic (absolute ethanol) and aqueous (distilled water) extraction techniques. The pour plate technique was applied in the antifungal sensitivity testing using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and results obtained by measuring diameter of fungal growth over a 7day incubation period. Growth results showed high but varied levels of antimicrobial effectiveness. Ginger showed the highest antimicrobial effect against all the test fungi (P<0.01) followed by garlic (P<0.05) and then lime (P<0.01) in Aspergillus species but not in effective on C. herbarum (P>0.05) using ethanol extraction. In the water (aqueous) base extraction medium, lime exhibited the highest antimicrobial (antifungal) effect (P<0.01) on all test fungi, followed by garlic (P<0.01) on Aspergillus species, (P<0.05) on C. herbarum whilst ginger was ineffective on Aspergillus species (P>0.05) but highly fungicidal on C. herbarum (P<0.01). Thus water base extraction technique was the most effective in inducing antifungal properties of lime whiles ethanol base extraction technique was the best for ginger. Garlic on the other hand exhibited a good antimicrobial (antifungal) property in both ethanol and water extraction media. The study thus confirms the antifungal properties of these medicinal plants and suggests the type of extraction to yield the best results. Introduction The use of plant parts as a source of medicine to treat infectious diseases predates history as a result of which nearly all cultures and civilizations from ancient times to the present day have used herbal medicines to cure infections1. Ethno-pharmacological use of plants prevails among most African countries where plants are used in treating malaria, diarrhoea, burns, gonorrhoea, stomach disorders and other infectious diseases2. These plants which are easily available and cheaper than the conventional drugs include garlic, ginger and lime fruit which in their natural state are widely used in West Africa as herbal medicines3. A report from the World Health Organisation revealed that 80% of the world’s population relies on traditional therapies which involve the use of plants extracts or their active substances4 whilst actively encouraging national governments of member countries to utilize their traditional systems of medicines with regulations suitable to their national health care systems5. Extraction refers to processes for the isolation of the active ingredients from drug material and this may be by physical means or by dissolving in a suitable menstruum (liquid solvent e.g. water or alcohol)6. The extracts (antimicrobial agents) when isolated are contained in the phytochemical constituents (Alkaloids, Saponins, Tannins etc.) of the plants7. Over the years much effort has been devoted to the search for new antimicrobial (antifungal) agents from natural sources such as plants and others for treatments and for food preservation 3, 8-13. The antimicrobial activities of such plant extracts have been linked to the presence of bioactive compounds which sometimes serve to protect the plants themselves against bacteria, fungi and viral infections as well as exhibiting their antimicrobial properties on these organisms14. Allicin in garlic extracts have been found to be effective as an antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral and anti-parasitic agent15. Ginger contains the compound caprylic acid, which has potent antifungal properties and is popularly used to treat conditions like indigestion, nausea, vomiting, sore throats, the common cold, headache, fevers, flu symptoms, rheumatism, and motion sickness16. Lime is also an essential ingredient in t
机译：该研究旨在通过有机和水基提取法比较大蒜，生姜和酸橙对黄曲霉，黑曲霉和植物标本的抗菌（抗真菌）性能。从腐烂的蔬菜，空气孢子和皮肤表面的拭子中分离出纯的测试真菌培养物，同时通过有机（无水乙醇）和水（蒸馏水）提取技术获得过滤后的植物提取物。倾板技术用于马铃薯右旋糖琼脂（PDA）的抗真菌敏感性测试中，其结果是通过在7天的孵育期内测量真菌生长的直径而获得的。生长结果显示出高但不同水平的抗菌效果。生姜对曲霉菌的所有测试真菌表现出最高的抗微生物作用（P <0.01），其次是大蒜（P <0.05），然后是生石灰（P <0.01），然后用乙醇对白发衣原体无效（P> 0.05）。萃取。在水（水）基提取介质中，石灰对所有测试真菌表现出最高的抗菌（抗真菌）作用（P <0.01），其次是对曲霉菌属的大蒜（P <0.01），对植物标本梭菌（P <0.05）。生姜对曲霉菌无效（P> 0.05），而对毛发梭状芽胞杆菌（C.herbarum）的杀菌作用强（P <0.01）。因此，水基提取技术最有效地诱导石灰的抗真菌性能，而乙醇基提取技术最适合生姜。另一方面，大蒜在乙醇和水提取介质中均表现出良好的抗菌（抗真菌）特性。因此，该研究证实了这些药用植物的抗真菌特性，并提出了产生最佳效果的提取类型。引言使用植物部位作为治疗传染病的药物要早于历史，因此，从古代到今天，几乎所有的文化和文明都使用草药来治疗感染1。在大多数将植物用于治疗疟疾，腹泻，烧伤，淋病，胃部疾病和其他传染病的非洲国家中，植物的民族药理作用普遍存在2。这些植物比常规药物容易获得且便宜，包括大蒜，生姜和酸橙果实，其天然状态在西非被广泛用作草药3。世界卫生组织的一份报告显示，世界上80％的人口依靠传统疗法，其中涉及使用植物提取物或其活性物质4，同时积极鼓励成员国的各国政府利用适用于其自身法规的法规使用传统药物体系国家卫生保健系统5。提取是指从药物原料中分离出活性成分的过程，这可以通过物理手段或通过溶解在合适的月经液（液体溶剂，例如水或酒精）中进行6。分离出的提取物（抗微生物剂）包含在植物的植物化学成分（生物碱，皂苷，单宁酸等）中7。多年以来，人们一直在努力从天然来源（例如植物等）中寻找新的抗菌（抗真菌）药物，用于治疗和食品保鲜3，8-13。此类植物提取物的抗菌活性与生物活性化合物的存在有关，这些化合物有时可保护植物自身免受细菌，真菌和病毒感染，并在这些生物体上表现出抗菌特性14。已发现大蒜提取物中的大蒜素可有效用作抗真菌，抗菌，抗病毒和抗寄生虫剂15。生姜中含有辛酸复合物，辛酸具有很强的抗真菌特性，通常用于治疗消化不良，恶心，呕吐，咽喉痛，普通感冒，头痛，发烧，流感症状，风湿病和晕车病16。石灰也是植物中不可或缺的成分

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