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首页> 外文期刊>The Internet Journal of Tropical Medicine >Prevalence of prehypertension, hypertension and high body mass index in newly presenting diabetics in sub-Saharan Africa
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Prevalence of prehypertension, hypertension and high body mass index in newly presenting diabetics in sub-Saharan Africa

机译：撒哈拉以南非洲地区新出现的糖尿病患者的高血压前期，高血压和高体重指数的患病率

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Hyperinsulinaemia has been hypothesized to underlie the pathophysiology of diabetes and hypertension especially as they relate to the deadly quartet or metabolic syndrome. Our aim in embarking on this study was to determine the proportion of individuals whose primary diagnosis was diabetes that also had hypertension in the Northeast zone of Nigeria. In this study we analysed the clinic records of 100 newly presenting diabetic patients and reported on their demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, blood pressures and urinalysis results. Our study population was made up of 53 male and 47 female diabetic patients whose ages ranged between 19 and 78 years old with a mean and standard deviation of 46.2 +/-13.2 years. Twenty percent of the male and 72.7 % of the female had greater than 102 and 88 cm waist circumferences respectively. The mean body mass index (BMI) for the group was 26.35 +/- 5.45 kg/m2 but 58.6% of the study population was either overweight or obese. Prehypertension was present in 36 % of the group but only 37% of the diabetic patients achieved the recommended BP goal of < 130/80 mmHg while hypertension stages 1&2 was seen in 37 % of the group at the first visit and 43 % at the second visit. Prehypertension, hypertension, overweight and obesity are common in the newly presenting diabetic patients in the sub-Sahara Africa. The study findings call for action at the primary health care level to reduce the burden of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors at the community level. Introduction There is a global epidemic of vascular diseases that is fuelled mainly by hypertension and diabetes which some postulate have a common pathophysiologic root in hyperinsulinaemia. The global disease burden of diabetes mellitus has been on the increase in recent times with the total number of diabetics being put at 185 million, a figure which is expected to double by 2025 mainly as a result of the increase in the number of type 2 diabetics globally. Among the World Health Organisation (WHO) global regions that are expected to experience a disproportionate increase in prevalence of diabetes are the middle and low income countries of Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The common explanation for this epidemic of diabetes is the increasing adoption of the Western lifestyle which not only predisposes to diabetes, but also favours the development of hypertension and obesity. Reaven described the metabolic syndrome or syndrome X which is also regarded as the deadly quartet of upper body obesity, hyperinsulinaemia / insulin resistance and hypertension (1). In order to curtail the risk of developing of vascular complications in the individuals with diabetes the Seventh report of the Joint National Committee (JNC 7) guideline has recommended the attainment of a blood pressure goal of less than 130/ 80 mmHg (2). A high body mass index is a modifiable component of the syndrome X, that predisposes the individual to diabetes mellitus, hypertension and is also a risk factor for coronary heart disease and chronic kidney disease independent of ethnic origin (3). Whereas hypertension may affect about 15% of the general population in Nigeria,(4) the prevalence of hypertension in diabetic patients in the Northeast of Nigeria is unknown. Our aim in embarking on this cross sectional study was to determine the frequency of pre-hypertension, hypertension and obesity in a cohort of diabetics attending the medical out-patient clinic of the Teaching Hospital at Maiduguri, Nigeria. Methods The setting for this study was the Medical out-patient clinic of the Maiduguri University Teaching Hospital at Maiduguri. The study population was made up of adult patients 18 years and older with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus according to the American Diabetes Association criteria (5). In this retrospective study we analysed the records from the first two clinic visits of the diabetics and reported on the demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements,
机译：高胰岛素血症被认为是糖尿病和高血压的病理生理基础，特别是与致命的四重奏或代谢综合征有关。我们着手进行这项研究的目的是确定主要诊断为糖尿病且在尼日利亚东北部地区也患有高血压的个体比例。在这项研究中，我们分析了100名新出现的糖尿病患者的临床记录，并报告了他们的人口统计学特征，人体测量学，血压和尿液分析结果。我们的研究人群由53位男性和47位女性糖尿病患者组成，他们的年龄介于19至78岁之间，平均和标准差为46.2 +/- 13.2岁。男性的20％和女性的72.7％的腰围分别大于102和88厘米。该组的平均体重指数（BMI）为26.35 +/- 5.45 kg / m2，但有58.6％的研究人群超重或肥胖。该组中有36％的患者存在高血压前期，但只有37％的糖尿病患者达到了建议的BP目标<130/80 mmHg，而第一次访视的37％的患者在第1和2期高血压阶段，第二次访视的是43％访问。高血压，高血压，超重和肥胖在撒哈拉以南非洲新出现的糖尿病患者中很常见。研究结果呼吁在初级卫生保健一级采取行动，以减轻社区一级可改变的心血管危险因素的负担。简介全球范围内主要由高血压和糖尿病引起的血管疾病流行，其中某些假设在高胰岛素血症中具有常见的病理生理根源。近年来，全球糖尿病疾病负担一直在增加，糖尿病患者总数为1.85亿，预计这一数字到2025年将翻番，这主要是由于2型糖尿病患者人数的增加全球。在世界卫生组织（WHO）中，预计糖尿病患病率将成比例增加的全球地区是亚洲和撒哈拉以南非洲的中低收入国家。对这种糖尿病流行的普遍解释是西方生活方式的日益普及，这种生活方式不仅易患糖尿病，而且有利于高血压和肥胖症的发展。 Reaven描述了代谢综合征或X综合征，它也被认为是上半身肥胖，高胰岛素血症/胰岛素抵抗和高血压的致命四重奏（1）。为了减少糖尿病患者出现血管并发症的风险，全国联合委员会第七次报告（JNC 7）指南建议血压目标应低于130/80 mmHg（2）。高体重指数是X综合征的可修正成分，使个体易患糖尿病，高血压，并且是独立于种族起源的冠心病和慢性肾脏病的危险因素（3）。高血压可能会影响尼日利亚总人口的15％，（4）尼日利亚东北部糖尿病患者的高血压患病率尚不清楚。我们着手进行这项横断面研究的目的是确定在尼日利亚迈杜古里教学医院的门诊就诊的一组糖尿病患者的高血压前期，高血压和肥胖症的发生频率。方法这项研究的背景是位于迈杜古里的迈杜古里大学教学医院的门诊部。根据美国糖尿病协会标准（5），研究人群由18岁及以上诊断为糖尿病的成年患者组成。在这项回顾性研究中，我们分析了糖尿病患者前两次临床就诊的记录，并报告了人口统计学特征，人体测量学，

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