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首页> 外文期刊>The Internet Journal of Toxicology >Toxicological Effects Of Camphor Administration On The Histology Of The Kidney Of The Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
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Toxicological Effects Of Camphor Administration On The Histology Of The Kidney Of The Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

机译：樟脑给药对家兔肾脏组织学的毒理学影响

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This study involved the oral administration of varying concentrations of camphor solution to the domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) daily for ten days. The rabbits of both sexes (n=12), average weight of 300g were randomly assigned into four groups (A, B, C, D), with the D as control group. The rabbits in group A received 0.001g of camphor in 1ml of solution daily, those in group B received 0.004g/ml of camphor solution daily, while those in group C obtained 0.007g/ml of camphor solution daily. The control animals received equal volume of the solvent without camphor added daily for the same ten days. The rabbits were fed with growers mash obtained from the Bendel Feeds and Flour Mill, Ewu, Edo State, Nigeria and given water liberally. The animals were sacrificed on day eleventh of the experiment, the kidney was carefully dissected out and quickly fixed in 10% formal saline for histological study.Histological findings observed in the kidney of the treated groups revealed mild edema with glomerulonephritis, glomerular lobulations, tubular necrosis, and congestion of the blood cells. These results suggest that oral administration of varying concentration of camphor solution to the domestic rabbit has a cytotoxic effect on the kidney. This may have an adverse effect on the functions of the kidney. It is recommended that further studies aimed at corroborating these observations be carried out. Introduction Camphor, which is a bicyclic terpene, is a common organic substance with an aromatic odour and a molecular formula of C10H16O 1 (Camphor was probably introduced into Europe by the Arabs, who called it “kafer”). Although Camphor is now known to have little therapeutic value it had been used medicinally in some rural areas in the United States and is still being used in Nigeria 2 . Camphor exists in the optically active dextro- and levo- forms and as the racemic mixture with a melting point of 178?c. The principal form of camphor is the dextro form, which occurs in the wood and leaves of the Cinnamomum camphora 3 . Most camphor used commercially is made synthetically. It is used in the manufacture of celluloid and explosives as well as in liniments and other preparations including antiseptic and anesthetic agents 2 . Camphor can also be used as plasticizer, repellant carminative, air freshener and preparation of a concoction called “Agbo” used in the management of a number of morbidities including malaria and hemorrhoids in certain parts of Nigeria. Camphor produces harmful effects in all age groups including infants if ingested 1 .Administration of as little as 3.5g of camphor could be lethal, while as much as 2.0g produce toxic effects in an adults and causes congestion of the gastrointestinal tract, kidney and brain. A small amount of camphor applied to the nostril of an infant, has been reported to have caused immediate collapse 4 . It has also been reported that the symptoms of poisoning effects of camphor include nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, delirium, muscle twitching and depression of the central nervous system 4 . In oxygenated mouse bone marrow cells, administration of camphor reduces radiation induced DNA damage. As in humans, the majority of drugs administered to animals are eliminated by a combination of hepatic metabolism and renal excretion 5 .Kidney is a paired organ located in the posterior abdominal wall whose functions includes the removal of waste metabolic products from the blood and regulation of water and electrolytes balance in the body. As in humans, the majority of drugs administered to animals are eliminated by a combination of hepatic metabolism and renal excretion 5 . Though that the kidney plays a major role in drug metabolism, its major importance to drugs is still its excretory function. In humans camphor is hydroxylated in the liver to yield hydroxyl camphor metabolites which are then conjugated with glucoronic acid and excreted in the urine 6 . Materials And Methods Animals: Twelve d
机译：这项研究涉及每天对家兔（穴兔（Oryctolagus cuniculus））口服不同浓度的樟脑溶液，持续十天。将平均体重为300g的雌雄（n = 12）随机分为四组（A，B，C，D），以D为对照组。 A组的兔子每天在每毫升1毫升的溶液中加入0.001g樟脑，B组的兔子每天从每毫升0.004g / ml的樟脑溶液中摄取，而C组的兔子则每天从每毫升0.007g / ml的樟脑溶液中摄取。对照动物接受相同体积的溶剂，在相同的十天内每天不添加樟脑。给兔子饲喂从尼日利亚埃多州伊武市的本德尔饲料和面粉厂获得的grow子，并自由饮水。在实验的第11天处死动物，仔细解剖肾脏并快速固定在10％的生理盐水中进行组织学研究。在治疗组的肾脏中观察到的组织学发现显示轻度水肿并伴有肾小球肾炎，肾小球小叶，肾小管坏死。和血细胞充血。这些结果表明，向家兔口服施用不同浓度的樟脑溶液对肾脏具有细胞毒性作用。这可能对肾脏功能产生不利影响。建议进行进一步的研究以证实这些观察结果。引言樟脑是一种双环萜烯，是一种常见的有机物质，具有芳香气味，分子式为C10H16O 1（Camphor可能由阿拉伯人引入欧洲，称为“ kafer”）。尽管现在知道樟脑几乎没有治疗价值，但它已在美国一些农村地区被药用，并在尼日利亚2仍在使用。樟脑以旋光性右旋糖和左旋糖形式存在，熔点为178℃。樟脑的主要形式是右旋糖形式，其存在于樟树3的木材和树叶中。商业上使用的大多数樟脑是人工合成的。它用于赛璐cell和炸药的生产以及l剂和其他制剂，包括防腐剂和麻醉剂2。樟脑还可以用作增塑剂，驱避剂，空气清新剂，还可以制备称为“ Agbo”的混合物，用于管理尼日利亚某些地区的多种疾病，包括疟疾和痔疮。摄入樟脑会对包括婴儿在内的所有年龄段的人产生有害影响。服用3.5g樟脑可能致命，而摄入2.0g樟脑则对成年人产生毒性作用，并引起胃肠道，肾脏和脑部充血。 。据报道，在婴儿的鼻孔中使用了少量樟脑，导致其立即崩溃4。也有报道说樟脑中毒的症状包括恶心，呕吐，头痛，头晕、,妄，肌肉抽搐和中枢神经系统抑制4。在氧化的小鼠骨髓细胞中，樟脑给药可减少辐射诱导的DNA损伤。与人类一样，通过肝脏代谢和肾脏排泄的结合，可以消除对动物给药的大多数药物。5肾脏是位于腹后壁的配对器官，其功能包括从血液中去除废物代谢产物和调节血液中的代谢产物。水和电解质在体内平衡。如在人类中一样，通过肝脏代谢和肾脏排泄5的结合，可以消除对动物给药的大多数药物。尽管肾脏在药物代谢中起主要作用，但其对药物的主要重要性仍然是其排泄功能。在人类中，樟脑在肝脏中被羟基化，生成羟基樟脑代谢物，然后与葡萄糖酸结合并排泄到尿液6中。材料和方法动物：十二日

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