Biochemical Profile of Channa gachua (Ham.) Exposed to Sub-lethal Doses of Dichlorvos (DDVP)

S.A. Mastan; P. Janaki Ramayya

摘要

In the present study, the sub-lethal effect of dichlorovos on various biochemical parameters of Channa gachua was studied. The fish was exposed to acute toxicity of dichlorvos for 16, 24 and 48 hours. While for chronic toxicity, it was exposed for 15, 30 and 45 days. The dichlorovos was found to be toxic to the fish, which was found to be increasing with the increase of its concentration. Alterations in various biochemical parameters such as plasma glucose, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase in plasma, triglyceride in plasma, total protein, serum bilirubin, serum creatinine, SGPT, SGOT and lipid peroxidation were observed. Introduction Widespread application of various pesticides has aggravated the problem of pollution to aquatic environment. Due to these synthetic chemicals, environment has failed to keep its healthy characteristics. The insecticides of proven economic potentialities could not do good in the ecosystem when viewed on extra fronts since these revenue poisons, in a residual form or as a whole, get into the aquatic ecosystem. They cause a series of problems to aquatic organisms, especially for the fishes (Mukhopadhyay and Dehadrai, 1980a, Sastry and Sharma, 1981, Sastry et al., 1984). In recent years, a considerable research work has been done on a variety of alternative pest control measures. However, the use of chemical pesticides is still main stay in the control of insects, weeds, fungi and pests on large scale. Pesticides have a great impact on human health, production and preservation of food, fishes and other cash crops. On the other hand use of pesticides has given rise to many serious problems. Most of the chlorinated non-degradable pesticides leave residues in various living systems for prolonged periods of their life span and are presumably responsible for a variety of known and unknown toxic symptoms. Even when present in minute quantities, their variety, toxicity and persistence has an adverse effect on ecological systems, such a birds, fishes and plants, with which human welfare is inseparably bound (Mukhopadhyay and Dehadrai, 1980a, Sastry, and Sharma, 1981, Sastry et al., 1984). Dichlorvos is extensively used in baits and aerosol formulation for the control of house hold insects and other insects of public health importance such as, flies and mosquitoes in open places and for the control of insects of stores and food processing plants such as, flies and moths in stores, mills, bakeries, dairies etc. it is available as emulsifiable concentrate e.g. 20% E,C. and 100% E,.C. formulations. This compound is moderately toxic to fish and highly toxic to bees. The present paper reports the sub-lethal effect of dichlorovos on biochemical parameters of Channa gachua. Materials and Methods Procurement of test fishesAlive, healthy and disease free fishes (Channa gachua, weight 15-20gm and length 12-18cm) were used for the experiment. The fishes were procured from the local fish market, Bhopal and brought to the laboratory. The fishes were kept in the glass aquaria to observe any visible pathological symptoms. Before introducing into the aquarium, fishes were treated with 0.1%KmNO4 solution to obviate any dermal infection.Acclimatization of test fishesFishes were acclimatized to laboratory conditions for a period of one week. No mortality was recorded during this period. The fishes were fed with chopped meat daily. After acclimatization, fishes were kept in different concentrations of dichlorvos in different aquaria.Sources of Dichlorovos and its exposureDichlorovos DDVP (20%EC) was obtained from the local market. Renewal toxic test method (APHA, 1992) was used to find out the LC50 concentration. Fishes were exposed to sub-lethal concentration for 16, 24 and 48 hours in acute studies and 15, 30 and 45 days in chronic studies. Control fish were also maintained under identical conditions without pesticide in the medium.Collection of BloodAt the end of the exposure period, blood was collected from the dorsal arota

机译：在本研究中，研究了敌敌畏对Channa gachua各种生化参数的亚致死作用。该鱼暴露于敌敌畏的急性毒性下达16、24和48小时。对于慢性毒性，应暴露15、30和45天。发现敌敌畏对鱼有毒，发现其浓度随着鱼的增加而增加。观察到各种生化参数的变化，例如血浆葡萄糖，胆固醇，血浆中的碱性磷酸酶，血浆中的甘油三酸酯，总蛋白，血清胆红素，血清肌酐，SGPT，SGOT和脂质过氧化。引言各种农药的广泛应用加剧了对水环境的污染问题。由于这些合成化学物质，环境未能保持其健康特性。从额外的角度看，经证实具有经济潜力的杀虫剂在生态系统中效果不佳，因为这些残留或全部形式的税收毒物进入了水生生态系统。它们对水生生物造成一系列问题，特别是对鱼类而言（Mukhopadhyay和Dehadrai，1980a; Sastry和Sharma，1981; Sastry等，1984）。近年来，已经在各种替代性害虫控制措施上进行了大量研究工作。然而，化学杀虫剂的使用仍然仍然是大规模控制昆虫，杂草，真菌和害虫的主要手段。农药对人类健康，粮食，鱼类和其他经济作物的生产和保存具有重大影响。另一方面，农药的使用引起了许多严重的问题。大多数氯化不可降解农药会在其生命周期的较长时间内留在各种生物系统中，并可能导致各种已知和未知的毒性症状。即使数量很少，它们的多样性，毒性和持久性也会对诸如鸟类，鱼类和植物等生态系统产生不利影响，而人类福祉却与生态系统息息相关（Mukhopadhyay和Dehadrai，1980a; Sastry和Sharma，1981; Sastry et al。，1984）。敌敌畏广泛用于诱饵和气雾剂制剂中，用于控制室内昆虫和其他具有公共卫生意义的昆虫，例如在空旷地方的苍蝇和蚊子，以及用于控制商店和食品加工厂的昆虫，例如苍蝇和飞蛾。在商店，工厂，面包店，乳制品厂等都可以作为乳油使用，例如E，C。20％和100％E..C。配方。该化合物对鱼类有中毒，对蜜蜂有高毒。本文报道了敌敌畏对Channa gachua生化参数的亚致死作用。材料和方法测试鱼的采购实验中使用活，健康和无病的鱼（Channa gachua，体重15-20gm，长度12-18cm）。这些鱼是从博帕尔当地鱼市场采购的，并带到实验室。将鱼饲养在玻璃水族箱中以观察任何可见的病理症状。在将鱼引入水族箱之前，先对其进行0.1％KmNO4溶液处理，以消除任何皮肤感染。测试鱼的气候适应性将鱼适应实验室条件的时间为一周。在此期间没有死亡记录。每天用切碎的肉喂鱼。适应环境后，将鱼类以不同浓度的敌敌畏放在不同的水族箱中。敌敌畏的来源及其暴露量敌敌畏DDVP（20％EC）从当地市场获得。使用更新毒性试验方法（APHA，1992）来找出LC50浓度。在急性研究中，将鱼类暴露于亚致死浓度下16、24和48小时，在慢性研究中，将其暴露于15、30和45天。对照鱼也保持在相同的条件下，在培养基中不使用农药。血液采集在暴露期结束时，从背侧阿罗塔采集血液

Biochemical Profile of Channa gachua (Ham.) Exposed to Sub-lethal Doses of Dichlorvos (DDVP)

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