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首页> 外文期刊>The Open Infectious Diseases Journal >Parasite Vaccines: Recent Progress in, and Problems Associated with theirDevelopment
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Parasite Vaccines: Recent Progress in, and Problems Associated with theirDevelopment

机译：寄生虫疫苗：最新进展以及与之相关的问题

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Metazoan and protozoan parasites are major causes of human and animal disease causing extensive morbidityand mortality, particularly in tropical and sub-tropical climatic regions. WHO estimates that one person in every four isaffected by parasitic worms with disease outcomes ranging from chronic symptoms, blindness, disfiguration to death. Inaddition, gastrointestinal parasitism is one of the greatest animal health constraints worldwide, both to commercial andsubsistence farmers. While substantial progress has been made in identifying potential protective antigens, vaccinedevelopment is impaired because it is difficult, often impossible, to cultivate many of the major target parasites in vitro,most parasites present different developmental stages to the host immune system, most show considerable antigenicdiversity and there is growing evidence that they directly modulate the host immune system to their advantage. Whileprogress has been made in the last decade in the cloning and expression of protective antigens from a large number ofparasites, the majority have failed to stimulate practically useful levels of protective immunity in trials. This review isintended to provide the reader with an overview of the nature of the disease problem being addressed using selectedexamples and the approaches being taken to develop vaccines to counter the adverse effects of infection. It is not intendedto be fully comprehensive and the interested reader can access more in depth discussion from cited references and usingon-line search resources
机译：后生动物和原生动物寄生虫是人类和动物疾病的主要原因，引起广泛的发病率和死亡率，特别是在热带和亚热带气候地区。世卫组织估计，每四个人中就有一个被寄生虫感染，其疾病后果从慢性症状，失明，变相到死亡。另外，对于商业和自给农民而言，胃肠道寄生虫病是全世界最大的动物健康制约因素之一。尽管在鉴定潜在的保护性抗原方面已取得实质性进展，但疫苗的开发受到了损害，因为很难（通常是不可能）在体外培养许多主要的靶标寄生虫，大多数寄生虫对宿主免疫系统呈现不同的发育阶段，大多数显示出相当大的抗原多样性越来越多的证据表明它们可以直接调节宿主免疫系统以发挥其优势。尽管近十年来从大量寄生虫的保护性抗原的克隆和表达方面取得了进展，但大多数未能在试验中刺激实用水平的保护性免疫。本综述旨在为读者提供有关使用所选实施例解决的疾病问题的性质以及开发疫苗以应对感染不良影响的方法的概述。它并不旨在全面，有兴趣的读者可以从引用的参考文献和使用在线搜索资源中进行更深入的讨论。

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