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首页> 外文期刊>The Veterinary Quarterly >Nipah virus: epidemiology, pathology, immunobiology and advances in diagnosis, vaccine designing and control strategies – a comprehensive review
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Nipah virus: epidemiology, pathology, immunobiology and advances in diagnosis, vaccine designing and control strategies – a comprehensive review

机译：尼帕病毒：流行病学，病理学，免疫生物学以及诊断，疫苗设计和控制策略的进展–全面综述

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AbstractNipah (Nee-pa) viral disease is a zoonotic infection caused by Nipah virus (NiV), a paramyxovirus belonging to the genus Henipavirus of the family Paramyxoviridae. It is a biosafety level-4 pathogen, which is transmitted by specific types of fruit bats, mainly Pteropus spp. which are natural reservoir host. The disease was reported for the first time from the Kampung Sungai Nipah village of Malaysia in 1998. Human-to-human transmission also occurs. Outbreaks have been reported also from other countries in South and Southeast Asia. Phylogenetic analysis affirmed the circulation of two major clades of NiV as based on currently available complete N and G gene sequences. NiV isolates from Malaysia and Cambodia clustered together in NiV-MY clade, whereas isolates from Bangladesh and India clusterered within NiV-BD clade. NiV isolates from Thailand harboured mixed population of sequences. In humans, the virus is responsible for causing rapidly progressing severe illness which might be characterized by severe respiratory illness and/or deadly encephalitis. In pigs below six months of age, respiratory illness along with nervous symptoms may develop. Different types of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays along with molecular methods based on polymerase chain reaction have been developed for diagnostic purposes. Due to the expensive nature of the antibody drugs, identification of broad-spectrum antivirals is essential along with focusing on small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). High pathogenicity of NiV in humans, and lack of vaccines or therapeutics to counter this disease have attracted attention of researchers worldwide for developing effective NiV vaccine and treatment regimens.
机译：摘要Nipah（Nee-pa）病毒性疾病是由Nipah病毒（NiV）引起的人畜共患感染，Niipah病毒是副粘病毒属副粘病毒的副粘病毒，属于副粘病毒科。它是一种生物安全等级4的病原体，通过特定类型的果蝠（主要是凤尾蕨属）传播。是天然的水库宿主。该病于1998年在马来西亚的Kampung Sungai Nipah村首次报道。人与人之间也发生了传播。南亚和东南亚其他国家也有暴发疫情的报道。系统发育分析确认了基于当前可用的完整N和G基因序列的两个主要NiV进化枝。来自马来西亚和柬埔寨的NiV分离株聚集在NiV-MY进化枝中，而来自孟加拉国和印度的分离株聚集在NiV-BD进化枝中。来自泰国的NiV分离株具有混合的序列种群。在人类中，该病毒导致迅速发展的严重疾病，其特征可能是严重的呼吸系统疾病和/或致命的脑炎。在六个月以下的猪中，可能会出现呼吸道疾病以及神经症状。为了诊断目的，已经开发了不同类型的酶联免疫吸附测定以及基于聚合酶链反应的分子方法。由于抗体药物的昂贵性质，广谱抗病毒药物的鉴定以及对小干扰RNA（siRNA）的关注是必不可少的。 NiV在人体内的高致病性，以及缺乏针对这种疾病的疫苗或治疗剂，已引起全世界研究人员对开发有效NiV疫苗和治疗方案的关注。

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