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Genetic Variation in Physical Performance

机译：身体表现的遗传变异

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In this overview the genetic contributions to physical performance will be outlined with a special focus on strength, power and endurance characteristics. Two basic approaches have been used to study the genetic basis of performance phenotypes and related characteristics: the unmeasured genotype approach (top-down) and the measured genotype approach (bottom up). Assessment of heritability is based on the model that total variation (Vtot) in a phenotype is partitioned into genetic (VG), common environmental (VC) and individual-specific environmental (VE) components (Vtot=VG+VC+VE). Heritability (h2) refers to the proportion of the total variation that can be attributed to genetic effects (VG/Vtot). Estimated heritabilities for strength vary widely between 0.27 and 0.58 in family studies and between 0.14 and 0.83 in twin studies. Heritabilities for dynamic strength of arm and leg muscle groups range from 0.29 to 0.87. For aerobic performance estimated heritabilities vary between 0.40 and 0.94. There is good evidence for genotype*training interaction for strength and aerobic performance. Association and linkage studies have indicated a number of potential interesting regions in the human genome. However few replications have been observed with the exception of associations between strength and ACE, ACTN3 and VDR and ACE for aerobic performance.
机译：在本概述中，将概述遗传对身体机能的贡献，并特别关注强度，力量和耐力特性。已经使用了两种基本方法来研究性能表型和相关特征的遗传基础：未测量的基因型方法（自上而下）和测量的基因型方法（自下而上）。遗传力的评估基于将表型的总变异（Vtot）分为遗传（VG），共同环境（VC）和个体特异性环境（VE）分量（Vtot = VG + VC + VE）的模型。遗传力（h2）指可归因于遗传效应（VG / Vtot）的总变异的比例。估计的强度遗传力在家庭研究中介于0.27至0.58之间，在双胞胎研究中介于0.14至0.83之间。手臂和腿部肌肉群动态强度的遗传力范围为0.29至0.87。对于有氧运动，估计遗传力在0.40和0.94之间变化。有充分的证据表明基因型*训练相互作用可提高力量和有氧运动能力。关联和链接研究表明，人类基因组中有许多潜在的有趣区域。但是，除了强度和ACE，ACTN3和VDR和ACE之间的关联外，几乎没有观察到重复。

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