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首页> 外文期刊>The Internet Journal of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine >The Role Of Diuretics In The Intensive Care Unit: A Review
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The Role Of Diuretics In The Intensive Care Unit: A Review

机译：利尿剂在重症监护病房中的作用：综述

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Diuretics are drugs which cause a net loss of sodium and water from the body by net action on the kidney. Their primary effect is to decrease the reabsorption of sodium and chloride from the filtrate, increased water loss being secondary to the increased excretion of salt. There are various classes of diuretics which differ considerably in chemical derivation, efficacy, sites of action, and mechanism of action; namely, their pharmacology and pharmacodynamics. Effective use of diuretics requires knowledge of the pharmacology of each diuretic agent coupled with an understanding of the pathophysiology of the patient's disease. Diuretics have various uses in clinical conditions including oedematous disorders and hypertension, treatment of hypercalcaemia with loop diuretics, treatment of diabetes insipidus or hypercalciuria with thiazide diuretics, treatment of glaucoma with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and treatment of cerebral oedema with osmotic agents.The use of diuretics in the acute care setting is an area of significant clinical and laboratory research. Diuretics represent one of the most commonly used agents in the intensive care unit and fluid balance occupies a significant amount of attention by the intensivist and the anaesthetist.The author's aim was to systematically review the literature regarding the use of diuretics in critically ill patients on the Intensive Care Unit. We searched MEDLINE (1966-2004), EMBASE (1974-2004) and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CCTR) to identify randomised controlled trials, in order to review the risks and benefits of diuretics in four different groups of patients. These included subjects with acute renal failure, congestive heart failure, severe head injury and also preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.
机译：利尿剂是通过对肾脏的净作用导致体内钠和水净损失的药物。它们的主要作用是减少滤液中钠和氯的重吸收，增加的水分流失是盐分排泄的增加。利尿剂的种类繁多，在化学衍生物，功效，作用部位和作用机理上有很大不同。即它们的药理学和药效学。有效使用利尿剂需要了解每种利尿剂的药理学知识以及对患者疾病的病理生理学的了解。利尿剂在临床病症中有多种用途，包括水肿性疾病和高血压，利尿剂治疗高钙血症，噻嗪类利尿剂治疗尿崩症或高钙尿症，碳酸酐酶抑制剂治疗青光眼和渗透剂治疗脑水肿。急性护理环境中的利尿剂是重要的临床和实验室研究领域。利尿剂是重症监护病房中最常用的药物之一，液体平衡引起了重症医生和麻醉师的大量关注。作者的目的是系统地回顾有关利尿剂在危重患者中使用利尿剂的文献。重症监护室。我们对MEDLINE（1966-2004），EMBASE（1974-2004）和Cochrane对照试验注册（CCTR）进行了检索，以鉴定随机对照试验，以评估利尿剂在四组不同患者中的风险和益处。这些对象包括患有急性肾功能衰竭，充血性心力衰竭，严重头部受伤的患者，以及患有呼吸窘迫综合征的早产儿。

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