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Hypervigilance for fear after basolateral amygdala damage in humans

机译：警惕人类基底外侧杏仁核损伤后的过度警惕

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Recent rodent research has shown that the basolateral amygdala (BLA) inhibits unconditioned, or innate, fear. It is, however, unknown whether the BLA acts in similar ways in humans. In a group of five subjects with a rare genetic syndrome, that is, Urbach–Wiethe disease (UWD), we used a combination of structural and functional neuroimaging, and established focal, bilateral BLA damage, while other amygdala sub-regions are functionally intact. We tested the translational hypothesis that these BLA-damaged UWD-subjects are hypervigilant to facial expressions of fear, which are prototypical innate threat cues in humans. Our data indeed repeatedly confirm fear hypervigilance in these UWD subjects. They show hypervigilant responses to unconsciously presented fearful faces in a modified Stroop task. They attend longer to the eyes of dynamically displayed fearful faces in an eye-tracked emotion recognition task, and in that task recognize facial fear significantly better than control subjects. These findings provide the first direct evidence in humans in support of an inhibitory function of the BLA on the brain's threat vigilance system, which has important implications for the understanding of the amygdala's role in the disorders of fear and anxiety.. ? 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited
机译：最近的啮齿动物研究表明，基底外侧杏仁核（BLA）可抑制无条件的或先天的恐惧。但是，尚不清楚BLA是否在人类中以相似的方式起作用。在一组五种患有罕见遗传综合征（即Urbach–Wiethe病（UWD））的受试者中，我们使用了结构性和功能性神经影像学的结合，并建立了局灶性双侧BLA损伤，而其他杏仁核亚区功能完整。我们测试了翻译假设，即这些BLA损坏的UWD受试者对面部表情恐惧（表现出人类典型的先天威胁线索）高度警惕。我们的数据确实反复证实了这些UWD受试者的恐惧过度警惕。他们在修改的Stroop任务中对不知不觉中呈现的恐惧面孔表现出高度警惕的反应。在眼睛跟踪的情绪识别任务中，他们更长的时间注视着动态显示的恐惧面孔的眼睛，并且在该任务中，识别面部恐惧的能力明显优于对照组。这些发现为支持BLA对大脑威胁警觉系统的抑制功能提供了人类的第一个直接证据，这对理解杏仁核在恐惧和焦虑症中的作用具有重要意义。 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited

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