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Investigating Constraints on the Survival of Orangutans Across Borneo and Sumatra

机译：猩猩在婆罗洲和苏门答腊岛生存的调查制约因素

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摘要

Orangutans are highly endangered. In order to implement effective conservation strategies for these species, it is crucial to understand fully what constrains their distribution. Here, we use a previously developed time budget model to investigate the factors constraining the orangutans' ability to inhabit different areas of Borneo and Sumatra, as well as the social group size they are potentially able to adopt in their habitats. This model uses data from 13 field sites, together with climate and environmental data, to predict the amount of time individuals would need to spend in each of four main activities – feeding, moving, resting, and socializing. We found that resting time, which was linked to both dietary constraints and forest cover, was a key behavioral limitation on orangutan distribution. The maximum possible group size predicted for orangutans was low over the entire range, indicating that ecological constraints limit orangutan sociality, and that even small changes to habitat quality may further reduce the maximum possible group size. The fact that the values are already approaching one in many locations and are low throughout both Borneo and Sumatra, suggests that orangutans are vulnerable to extinction over their entire current distribution.
机译：猩猩受到高度威胁。为了对这些物种实施有效的保护策略，至关重要的是要充分了解哪些因素限制了它们的分布。在这里，我们使用先前开发的时间预算模型来调查制约猩猩居住在婆罗洲和苏门答腊不同地区的能力的因素，以及它们可能在其栖息地中采用的社会群体规模。该模型使用来自13个现场站点的数据以及气候和环境数据来预测个人在四项主要活动（进食，移动，休息和社交）中每项活动需要花费的时间。我们发现，与饮食限制和森林覆盖率相关的休息时间是猩猩分布的关键行为限制。在整个范围内，预计猩猩的最大可能种群规模很低，这表明生态限制限制了猩猩的社会性，即使栖息地质量的微小变化也可能进一步降低最大可能的种群规模。在许多地方，婆罗洲和苏门答腊岛的价值已经接近一个事实，而且很低，这表明猩猩在其目前的整个分布中很容易灭绝。

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