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General procedures in diagnosis of malignant diseases in dogs and cats

机译：诊断猫和狗的恶性疾病的一般程序

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Tumors occur in all domestic and wild animals. They are most often diagnosed in dogs and cats, and their numbers increase from year to year. In the recent years, cancer is believed to be the most frequent cause of pet deaths. A speedy and reliable diagnosis is of paramount importance because it enables the veterinarian to begin therapy and make a prognosis. The objective of an early diagnosis is to enable the detection of neoplastic diseases before the tumor spreads throughout the organism, consequently enabling the timely administration of therapy and providing greater chances for curing the animal. A tumor is diagnosed on the grounds of the anamnesis, clinical picture, and special diagnostic procedures. The most frequently applied diagnostic procedures are laboratory diagnostics, cytology, biopsy and pathohistology, imaging diagnostics (roentgenography and roentgenoscopy, ultrasound diagnostics, endoscopy, computer tomography, magnetic resonance, and scintigraphy) and molecular diagnostics. Each of these methods has its advantages and faults in connection with costs, availability, sensitivity, specificity and quality of anatomic vs functional pictures. Every one of these techniques has its own field of implementation and each one provides different and additional information in connection with the nature and position of the primary lesion and the presence of metastases.
机译：肿瘤在所有家畜和野生动物中均发生。它们最常被诊断为狗和猫，并且其数量逐年增加。近年来，癌症被认为是宠物死亡的最常见原因。快速而可靠的诊断至关重要，因为它使兽医能够开始治疗并作出预后。早期诊断的目的是能够在肿瘤扩散到整个有机体之前检测出肿瘤性疾病，从而能够及时进行治疗并为治愈动物提供更大的机会。根据回忆，临床表现和特殊的诊断程序诊断出肿瘤。最常用的诊断程序是实验室诊断，细胞学，活检和病理组织学，影像学诊断（放射线照相和放射线照相，超声诊断，内窥镜检查，计算机断层扫描，磁共振和闪烁显像）和分子诊断。这些方法中的每一种在解剖图和功能图的成本，可用性，灵敏度，特异性和质量方面都有其优点和缺点。这些技术中的每一种都有其自己的实施领域，并且每种技术都提供与原发灶的性质和位置以及转移灶的存在有关的不同和附加信息。

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