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Redox Dynamics and Oxygen Reduction Rates of In?ltrating Urban Stormwater beneath Low Impact Development (LID)

机译：低影响开发（LID）下渗入的城市雨水的氧化还原动力学和氧减少率

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Low impact development (LID) best management practices (BMPs) collect, in?ltrate, and treat stormwater runoff, and increase recharge to aquifers. Understanding the controls on reduction/oxidation (redox) conditions within LID BMPs is important for groundwater management because out?ow from some LID BMPs can recharge aquifers and affect groundwater quality. Here we evaluate redox conditions of urban stormwater runoff in a LID in?ltration trench in San Francisco, California, and quantify the relation between water saturation (%) and temperature (?C) and resulting dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations, redox dynamics, and O 2 reduction rates. The DO ?uctuations ha ve an inverse response to the duration of saturation of the trench. Anoxic (<0.5 mg/L) conditions often occurred within hours of stormwater events and persisted from a few hours to two days, which indicate that microbial respiration can be a limiting factor for DO. Temperature of stormwater runoff was not a statistically signi?cant control on DO. The estimated O 2 reduction rate is 0.003mg·L-1·min-1, which is two to ?ve orders of magnitude higher than in groundwater from previous studies. Higher rates of O 2 reduction are a function of the more toxic and organic-rich stormwater runoff that drives faster microbial O 2 reduction. Our ?ndings have important implications for the design of in?ltration trenches and other LID BMPs to achieve desired redox conditions for in?ltrating stormwater toward minimizing groundwater contamination.
机译：低影响开发（LID）最佳管理实践（BMP）收集，过滤和处理雨水径流，并增加对含水层的补给。了解LID BMP中还原/氧化（氧化还原）条件的控制对地下水管理非常重要，因为某些LID BMP的流出物会补给含水层并影响地下水质量。在这里，我们评估了加利福尼亚旧金山LID渗入沟中城市雨水径流的氧化还原条件，并量化了水饱和度（％）和温度（？C）与所得溶解氧（DO）浓度，氧化还原动力学，和O 2减少率。 DO波动对沟槽的饱和持续时间具有反响应。缺氧（<0.5 mg / L）条件经常在雨水事件的数小时内发生，并持续数小时至两天，这表明微生物呼吸可能是溶解氧的限制因素。雨水径流温度对溶解氧没有统计学意义的控制。估计的O 2还原速率为0.003mg·L-1·min-1，比先前研究中的地下水高2到5个数量级。较高的O 2还原速率是有毒和富含有机物的雨水径流的函数，径流推动了微生物O 2的更快还原。我们的发现对渗水沟和其他LID BMP的设计具有重要意义，以实现所需的氧化还原条件，以使雨水渗入，从而将地下水污染降至最低。

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