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首页> 外文期刊>Water >Analysing the Effects of Forest Cover and Irrigation Farm Dams on Streamflows of Water-Scarce Catchments in South Australia through the SWAT Model
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Analysing the Effects of Forest Cover and Irrigation Farm Dams on Streamflows of Water-Scarce Catchments in South Australia through the SWAT Model

机译：通过SWAT模型分析森林覆盖率和灌溉水坝对南澳大利亚缺水流域流量的影响

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摘要

To assist water resource managers with future land use planning efforts, the eco-hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was applied to three catchments in South Australia that experience extreme low flow conditions. Particular land uses and management issues of interest included forest covers, known to affect water yields, and farm dams, known to intercept and change the hydrological dynamics in a catchment. The study achieved a satisfactory daily calibration when irrigation farm dams were incorporated in the model. For the catchment dominated by extreme low flows, a better daily simulation across a range of qualitative and quantitative metrics was gained using the base-flow static threshold optimization technique. Scenario analysis on effects of forest cover indicated an increase of surface flow and a reduction of base-flow when native eucalyptus lands were replaced by pastures and vice versa. A decreasing trend was observed for the overall water yield of catchments with more forest plantation due to the higher evapotranspiration (ET) rate and the decline in surface flow. With regards to effects of irrigation farm dams, assessment on a daily time step suggested that a significant volume of water is stored in these systems with the water loss rate highest in June and July. On an annual basis, the model indicated that approximately 13.1% to 22.0% of water has been captured by farm dams for irrigation. However, the scenario analysis revealed that the purposes of use of farm dams rather than their volumetric capacities in the catchment determined the magnitude of effects on streamflows. Water extracted from farm dams for irrigation of orchards and vineyards are more likely to diminish streamflows than other land uses. Outputs from this study suggest that the water use restrictions from farm dams during recent drought periods were an effective tool to minimize impacts on streamflows.
机译：为了帮助水资源管理者进行未来的土地利用规划工作，将生态水文模型“土壤和水评估工具”（SWAT）用于南澳大利亚州三个流域极端低流量的流域。特别感兴趣的土地利用和管理问题包括已知会影响水产量的森林覆盖和已知会拦截和改变流域水文动态的农田水坝。将灌溉水坝纳入模型后，该研究获得了令人满意的每日校准。对于以极低流量为主的集水区，使用基本流量静态阈值优化技术可以获得一系列定性和定量指标的更好的每日模拟。对森林覆盖的影响进行的情景分析表明，当用牧场代替天然桉树土地时，地表径流量增加，基础流量减少。反之亦然。由于较高的蒸散（ET）速率和地表流量下降，在人工林较多的流域，总体集水量呈下降趋势。关于灌溉大坝的影响，按每天的时间步长评估表明，这些系统中存储了大量的水，6月和7月的失水率最高。从模型的角度来看，每年通过农田水坝收集的水量约为13.1％至22.0％，用于灌溉。但是，情景分析表明，使用大坝的目的而不是集水区的蓄水量决定了对水流的影响程度。与其他土地用途相比，从农用大坝中提取的用于灌溉果园和葡萄园的水更有可能减少水流。这项研究的结果表明，在最近的干旱时期，来自农田大坝的用水限制是最大程度地减少对水流影响的有效工具。

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