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首页> 外文期刊>Virology Journal >Initiation of bacteriophage T4 DNA replication and replication fork dynamics: a review in the Virology Journal series on bacteriophage T4 and its relatives
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Initiation of bacteriophage T4 DNA replication and replication fork dynamics: a review in the Virology Journal series on bacteriophage T4 and its relatives

机译：噬菌体T4 DNA复制和复制叉动力学的启动：病毒学杂志系列中有关噬菌体T4及其亲属的综述

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摘要

Bacteriophage T4 initiates DNA replication from specialized structures that form in its genome. Immediately after infection, RNA-DNA hybrids (R-loops) occur on (at least some) replication origins, with the annealed RNA serving as a primer for leading-strand synthesis in one direction. As the infection progresses, replication initiation becomes dependent on recombination proteins in a process called recombination-dependent replication (RDR). RDR occurs when the replication machinery is assembled onto D-loop recombination intermediates, and in this case, the invading 3' DNA end is used as a primer for leading strand synthesis. Over the last 15 years, these two modes of T4 DNA replication initiation have been studied in vivo using a variety of approaches, including replication of plasmids with segments of the T4 genome, analysis of replication intermediates by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and genomic approaches that measure DNA copy number as the infection progresses. In addition, biochemical approaches have reconstituted replication from origin R-loop structures and have clarified some detailed roles of both replication and recombination proteins in the process of RDR and related pathways. We will also discuss the parallels between T4 DNA replication modes and similar events in cellular and eukaryotic organelle DNA replication, and close with some current questions of interest concerning the mechanisms of replication, recombination and repair in phage T4.
机译：噬菌体T4从其基因组中形成的专门结构启动DNA复制。感染后，RNA-DNA杂合体（R环）立即出现在（至少一些）复制起点上，退火的RNA充当一个方向引导链合成的引物。随着感染的进行，在称为重组依赖复制（RDR）的过程中，复制起始变得依赖于重组蛋白。当复制机制组装到D环重组中间体上时，RDR发生，在这种情况下，入侵的3'DNA末端用作引链合成的引物。在过去的15年中，已经使用多种方法在体内研究了T4 DNA复制起始的这两种模式，包括复制带有T4基因组片段的质粒，通过二维凝胶电泳分析复制中间体和基因组方法在感染进行时测量DNA拷贝数。此外，生化方法已从原始R环结构重构复制，并阐明了复制蛋白和重组蛋白在RDR和相关途径中的一些详细作用。我们还将讨论T4 DNA复制模式与细胞和真核细胞器DNA复制中类似事件之间的相似性，并以一些当前有关噬菌体T4的复制，重组和修复机制的感兴趣的问题为结尾。

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