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首页> 外文期刊>Transportation Research Procedia >Open Access Long Distance Passenger Rail Services in the United Kingdom: The Grand Central Experience
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Open Access Long Distance Passenger Rail Services in the United Kingdom: The Grand Central Experience

机译：英国的开放式长途客运铁路服务：中央体验

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The EU's forthcoming 4thRailway Package will allow open access passenger rail services to operate within member states alongside government supported services. The 1993 UK Railways Act, which resulted in the privatisation of the rail network in Great Britain, envisaged the development of open access passenger rail services alongside franchised rail operations. It is therefore relevant to assess how this has operated in practice. In practice, only two significant open access operators – Grand Central Railway and Hull Trains – have emerged, serving niche markets that were ignored by the franchise operators. This paper discusses the reasons for this, including barriers to entry and the application of economic regulation to assess applications to operate open access services. Particular attention is given to the experience of Grand Central in obtaining track access rights to operate services from London to Sunderland and Bradford in Northern England.The paper sets out evidence, based on work undertaken for Grand Central, on the impacts of open access on the market for rail travel, indicating that the presence of competition appears to have increased passenger demand and revenue, while constraining growth in average fares. It also compares forecast and outturn ridership and revenue. Finally the paper considers potential future developments. These include the emergence of larger scale open access proposals, possible changes to the application of economic regulation to open access services and potential impacts from the re-classification of the Infrastructure Manager – Network Rail – as a state-owned company. The implications of the UK experience for the 4thRailway Package are discussed.
机译：欧盟即将推出的“第四铁路计划”将允许开放式客运铁路服务与政府支持的服务一起在成员国内运营。 1993年的《英国铁路法》导致了英国铁路网络的私有化，它设想了在特许铁路运营的同时发展开放式客运铁路服务。因此，有必要评估其在实践中的运作方式。实际上，仅出现了两个重要的开放式运营商-大中央铁路和赫尔火车-服务于被特许经营者忽略的利基市场。本文讨论了造成这种情况的原因，包括进入壁垒和应用经济法规来评估运营开放访问服务的应用。本文特别关注了中央火车站在获得从伦敦到英格兰北部的桑德兰和布拉德福德的运营服务的轨道访问权方面的经验。本文基于为中央火车站所做的工作，提出了证据表明开放访问对伦敦的影响。铁路旅行市场，这表明竞争的出现似乎增加了乘客的需求和收入，同时限制了平均票价的增长。它还比较了预测和出行的乘客量和收入。最后，本文考虑了潜在的未来发展。其中包括出现更大规模的开放访问建议，对开放访问服务的经济法规应用进行可能的更改，以及将基础架构管理器– Network Rail –重新归类为国有公司的潜在影响。讨论了英国经验对第四铁路套餐的影响。

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