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首页> 外文期刊>World Journal of Preventive Medicine >Occupational Health Hazards in Small and Medium-scale Manufacturing Industries in Anambra State, South East, Nigeria
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Occupational Health Hazards in Small and Medium-scale Manufacturing Industries in Anambra State, South East, Nigeria

机译：尼日利亚东南部阿南布拉州中小型制造业的职业健康危害

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Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) defined "occupational health” as dealing with all aspects of health and safety in the workplace and has a strong focus on primary prevention of hazards. A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work. Globally, there are 2.9 billion workers who are exposed to hazardous risk at their work places. Annually, there are two million deaths that are attributable to occupational diseases and injuries, while 4% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is lost due to occupational diseases and injuries. Objectives: To assess the occupational health hazards in small and medium-scale manufacturing industries in Anambra State. Methodology: This was a comparative descriptive cross-sectional study amongst registered medium and small-scale manufacturing industries in Anambra State. Data were collected using an interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire and were analyzed using SPSS version 17. An inspection of the industries was done and the measurement of noise level, dust and psychosocial hazards within the factory floor was carried out. Results: A preponderance of male staff was found in the small scale (77.6%) and medium scale (75.0%) industries. The medical staffs constituted 7.4% in the medium scale industries and 2.1% in the small scale industries. The medical staff in both the small and medium scale industries constituted only 3.9% of the total work force. The average noise level was found to be higher in the medium scale industries (76.2) as compared to the small scaled industries (72.6). The average environmental dust concentration and psychosocial hazards were found to be higher in the small scale industries (2.3mg/m3 and 52.1%); as compared to the medium scale industries (1.1mg/m3 and 26.3%) respectively. Cuts and injuries constituted 41.2%; 35.4 and 25.9%; 30.0 of complaints by workers associated with hazards in the small and medium scale industries respectively. Conclusion: The average noise level was higher in the medium scale industries and generally lower than the threshold limits value (TLV) for noise of 85dB over an 8 hour working period. The average environmental dust concentration and psychosocial hazards were higher in the small scale industries. There was high potentials for accidents and injuries.
机译：背景：世界卫生组织（WHO）将“职业健康”定义为涉及工作场所健康与安全的各个方面，并高度重视危害的初级预防，危害是任何潜在损害，危害或不良健康的来源在一定条件下对某人或某人的影响全球有29亿工人在工作场所面临危险风险。每年，有200万人死于职业病和工伤，占总死亡人数的4％目的：评估安纳布拉州中小型制造业的职业健康危害方法：这是对注册中小型企业的比较描述性横断面研究阿纳布拉州的大规模制造业，使用访问员进行的半结构化问卷调查收集数据并进行分析d使用SPSS版本17。对行业进行了检查，并对工厂车间内的噪音水平，灰尘和社会心理危害进行了测量。结果：在小规模（77.6％）和中等规模（75.0％）行业中，男性占多数。医务人员在中型行业中占7.4％，在小规模行业中占2.1％。中小型行业的医务人员仅占总劳动力的3.9％。发现中型行业（76.2）的平均噪音水平高于小规模行业（72.6）的平均噪音水平。在小规模工业中，平均环境粉尘浓度和社会心理危害较高（2.3mg / m3和52.1％）;与中等规模工业（分别为1.1mg / m3和26.3％）相比。割伤为41.2％; 35.4和25.9％;涉及中小型行业危害的工人投诉分别为30.0。结论：在中等规模的行业中，平均噪音水平较高，并且在8小时的工作时间内，其平均噪音水平低于85dB的阈值限值（TLV）。在小型工业中，平均环境粉尘浓度和社会心理危害较高。发生事故和受伤的可能性很高。

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