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首页> 外文期刊>Head Face Medicine >Palatal development of preterm and low birthweight infants compared to term infants – What do we know? Part 2: The palate of the preterm/low birthweight infant
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Palatal development of preterm and low birthweight infants compared to term infants – What do we know? Part 2: The palate of the preterm/low birthweight infant

机译：与足月婴儿相比，早产儿和低出生体重儿的骨发育–我们知道什么？第2部分：早产/低出生体重儿的味蕾

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Background Well-designed clinical studies on the palatal development in preterm and low birthweight infants are desirable because the literature is characterized by contradictory results. It could be shown that knowledge about 'normal' palatal development is still weak as well (Part 1). The objective of this review is therefore to contribute a fundamental analysis of methodologies, confounding factors, and outcomes of studies on palatal development in preterm and low birthweight infants. Methods An electronic literature search as well as hand searches were performed based on Cochrane search strategies including sources of more than a century in English, German, and French. Original data were recalculated from studies which primarily dealt with both preterm and term infants. The extracted data, especially those from non-English paper sources, were provided unfiltered for comparison. Results Seventy-eight out of 155 included articles were analyzed for palatal morphology of preterm infants. Intubation, feeding tubes, feeding mode, tube characteristics, restriction of oral functions, kind of diet, cranial form and birthweight were seen as causes contributing to altered palatal morphology. Changes associated with intubation concern length, depth, width, asymmetry, crossbite, and contour of the palate. The phenomenon 'grooving' has also been described as a complication associated with oral intubation. However, this phenomenon suffers from lack of a clear-cut definition. Head flattening, pressure from the oral tube, pathologic or impaired tongue function, and broadening of the alveolar ridges adjacent to the tube have been raised as causes of 'grooving'. Metrically, the palates of intubated preterm infants remain narrower, which has been examined up to the age of the late mixed dentition. Conclusion There is no evidence that would justify the exclusion of any of the raised causes contributing to palatal alteration. Thus, early orthodontic and logopedic control of formerly orally intubated preterm infants is recommended, as opposed to non-intubated infants. From the orthodontic point of view, nasal intubation should be favored. The role that palatal protection plates and pressure-dispersing pads for the head have in palatal development remains unclear.
机译：背景技术对早产儿和低出生体重儿的development发育进行精心设计的临床研究是可取的，因为文献的结果相互矛盾。可以证明，关于“正常” pa发育的知识也仍然很薄弱（第1部分）。因此，本综述的目的是对早产儿和低出生体重儿pa发育的方法，混杂因素和研究结果进行基础分析。方法根据Cochrane搜索策略进行电子文献搜索和手工搜索，包括一个世纪以上的英语，德语和法语来源。从主要涉及早产儿和足月儿的研究中重新计算了原始数据。提取的数据（尤其是来自非英语纸张来源的数据）未经过滤就提供了进行比较。结果对155篇纳入研究的文章中的78篇进行了早产儿pa形态的分析。气管插管，喂养管，喂养方式，管子特征，口腔功能受限，饮食种类，颅骨形式和出生体重被认为是导致as形态改变的原因。与插管有关的变化涉及上颚的长度，深度，宽度，不对称性，咬伤和轮廓。 “开槽”现象也已被描述为与口腔插管相关的并发症。但是，这种现象缺乏明确的定义。导致头部扁平，口腔管压力，病理或舌头功能受损以及邻近管的牙槽增宽是造成“切槽”的原因。从尺度上讲，插管早产儿的口感仍然较窄，直到晚期混合牙列的年龄都经过检查。结论没有证据可以排除任何引起pa骨改变的原因。因此，与非插管婴儿相比，建议对以前经口插管的早产儿进行正畸和局部控制。从正畸的角度来看，应首选鼻腔插管。 the保护板和头部压力分散垫在pa发展中的作用尚不清楚。

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