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Ancient role of ten-m / odz in segmentation and the transition from sequential to syncytial segmentation

机译：10-m / odz在分段中的古老作用以及从顺序分段到合体分段的过渡

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Until recently, mechanisms of segmentation established for Drosophila served as a paradigm for arthropod segmentation. However, with the discovery of gene expression waves in vertebrate segmentation, another paradigm based on oscillations linked to axial growth was established. The Notch pathway and hairy delay oscillator are basic components of this mechanism, as is the wnt pathway. With the establishment of oscillations during segmentation of the beetle Tribolium, a common segmentation mechanism may have been present in the last common ancestor of vertebrates and arthropods. However, the Notch pathway is not involved in segmentation of the initial Drosophila embryo. In arthropods, the engrailed, wingless pair has a much more conserved function in segmentation than most of the hierarchy established for Drosophila. Here, we work backwards from this conserved pair by discussing possible mechanisms which could have taken over the role of the Notch pathway. We propose a pivotal role for the large transmembrane protein Ten-m/Odz. Ten-m/Odz may have had an ancient role in cell-cell communication, parallel to the Notch and wnt pathways. The Ten-m protein binds to the membrane with properties which resemble other membrane-based biochemical oscillators. We propose that such a simple transition could have formed the initial scaffold, on top of which the hierarchy, observed in the syncytium of dipterans, could have evolved.
机译：直到最近，为果蝇建立的分割机制仍是节肢动物分割的范例。然而，随着脊椎动物分割中基因表达波的发现，建立了另一种基于与轴向生长相关的振荡的范例。 Notch途径和多毛延迟振荡器是该机制的基本组成部分，与wnt途径一样。随着甲虫Tribolium分割过程中振荡的建立，在脊椎动物和节肢动物的最后共同祖先中可能已经存在一种共同的分割机制。但是，Notch通路不参与果蝇初始胚胎的分割。在节肢动物中，陷入困境的无翅对在节段中的功能要比为果蝇建立的大多数层次结构保守得多。在这里，我们通过讨论可能取代了Notch通路的可能机制，从这个保守的对中倒退。我们提出了重要的作用，为大跨膜蛋白Ten-m / Odz。 10-m / Odz可能在细胞与细胞之间的通讯中起着古老的作用，与Notch和wnt途径平行。 Ten-m蛋白以类似于其他基于膜的生化振荡器的特性与膜结合。我们认为，这种简单的转变可能已经形成了最初的支架，而在双足动物合胞体中观察到的初始结构可能已经演化了。

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