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Viola × wittrockiana Gams)

机译：中提琴×wittrockiana Gams）

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Pansy, Viola × wittrockiana , is a popular ornamental plant. Effects of polyploidy on phenotype and four pollination methods on capsule and seed set were studied using ten octoploid (2 n = 8 x ) and two hexadecaploid (2 n = 16 x ) genotypes, originating from induced mutagenesis. Principal component analysis, using 19 phenotypic, phenological and physiological characteristics, revealed that hexadecaploids showed larger differences to the corresponding standard cultivars than octoploids. Number of seed per capsule was similar among genotypes. Capsule set with open pollination was 32–64 %, with self-pollination by hand 18–49% and with cross-pollination by hand 14–43%, while no plant successfully set capsules with seeds under isolators if not pollinated manually. Thus, Viola × wittrockiana is self-compatible but requires an agent-mediation for successful pollination. The induced phenotypes were found stable over four generations. Hexadecaploids had more attractive phenotypes but fewer seeds than octoploids. However, variation in seed set enabled selection of plants with high fertility, and average seed set increased over generations. Thus, new varieties, fulfilling aesthetic criteria as well as economic and agronomic traits, can be bred from induced mutagenesis.
机译：三色堇（Viola×wittrockiana）是一种流行的观赏植物。利用十种八倍体（2 n = 8 x）和两种六倍体（2 n = 16 x）基因型研究了多倍体对表型的影响以及四种授粉方法对荚膜和结实的影响，这些基因型来自诱变。主成分分析，利用19种表型，物候和生理学特征，揭示六倍体与相应的标准品种相比八倍体具有更大的差异。每个胶囊的种子数量在基因型之间是相似的。裸露授粉的胶囊为32–64％，手动授粉为18–49％，交叉授粉为14–43％，如果没有手动授粉，则没有植物能够在隔离器下成功地将种子植入胶囊。因此，中提琴×wittrockiana是自相容的，但需要进行媒介授粉才能成功授粉。发现诱导的表型在四代内稳定。六倍体具有比八倍体更具吸引力的表型，但种子较少。然而，种子集的变化使得能够选择具有高育性的植物，并且平均种子集随着世代的增加而增加。因此，可以从诱导的诱变中培育出满足美学标准以及经济和农艺性状的新品种。

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