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首页> 外文期刊>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences >Confronting the vicinity of the surface water and sea shore in a shallow glaciogenic aquifer in southern Finland
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Confronting the vicinity of the surface water and sea shore in a shallow glaciogenic aquifer in southern Finland

机译：在芬兰南部的一个浅成冰川层中面对地表水和海岸附近

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The groundwater in a shallow, unconfined, low-lying coastal aquifer inSantala, southern Finland, was chemically characterised by integratingmultivariate statistical approaches, principal component analysis (PCA) andhierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), based on the stable isotopes δ2Hand δ18O, hydrogeochemistry and field monitoring data. PCA and HCAyielded similar results and classified groundwater samples into six distinctgroups that revealed the factors controlling temporal and spatial variationsin the groundwater geochemistry, such as the geology, anthropogenic sourcesfrom human activities, climate and surface water. High temporal variation ingroundwater chemistry directly corresponded to precipitation. With anincrease in precipitation, KMnO4 consumption, EC, alkalinity and Caconcentrations also increased in most wells, while Fe, Al, Mn and SO4 wereoccasionally increased during spring after the snowmelt under specificgeological conditions. The continued increase in NO3 and metalconcentrations in groundwater indicates the potential contamination risk tothe aquifer. Stable isotopes of δ18O and δ2H indicategroundwater recharge directly from meteoric water, with an insignificantcontribution from lake water, and no seawater intrusion into the aquifer.Groundwater geochemistry suggests that local seawater intrusion istemporarily able to take place in the sulfate reduction zone along thefreshwater and seawater mixed zone in the low-lying coastal area, but thecontribution of seawater was found to be very low. The influence of lakewater could be observed from higher levels of KMnO4 consumption in wellsnear the lake. The integration of PCA and HCA with conventionalclassification of groundwater types, as well as with the hydrogeochemicaldata, provided useful tools to identify the vulnerable groundwater areasrepresenting the impacts of both natural and human activities on waterquality and the understanding of complex groundwater flow system for theaquifer vulnerability assessment and groundwater management in the future.
机译：芬兰南部Santala浅层，无限制，低洼的沿海含水层中的地下水的化学特征是，基于稳定同位素δ 2 <，结合了多元统计方法，主成分分析（PCA）和等级聚类分析（HCA） / sup>手δ 18 O，水文地球化学和野外监测数据。 PCA和HCA产生了相似的结果，并将地下水样本分为六个不同的组，揭示了控制地下水地球化学时空变化的因素，例如地质，人类活动的人为来源，气候和地表水。地下水化学的高时空变化直接对应于降水。随着降水的增加，大多数井中KMnO 4 的消耗，EC，碱度和Ca浓度也增加，而Fe，Al，Mn和SO 4 在融雪后的春季偶尔增加。在特定的地质条件下。地下水中NO 3 和金属浓度的持续增加表明了含水层的潜在污染风险。 δ 18 O和δ 2 H的稳定同位素表明，地下水是直接从陨石中补给的，湖水贡献不大，并且没有海水侵入含水层。地下水地球化学表明在沿海低洼地区的淡水和海水混合区，硫酸盐还原区暂时可以发生局部海水入侵，但海水的贡献非常低。在湖附近的井中，较高的KMnO 4 消耗量可以观察到湖水的影响。将PCA和HCA与常规的地下水类型分类以及水文地球化学数据相结合，为确定脆弱的地下水区域提供了有用的工具，这些区域代表了自然活动和人类活动对水质的影响，并了解了复杂的地下水流系统，用于评估含水层的脆弱性和未来的地下水管理。

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