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A Polish Adaptation of Leadership Scale for Sports – A Questionnaire Examining Coaching Behavior

机译：波兰适应运动领导能力量表的问卷调查教练的行为

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Purpose. The main purpose of this study was the development of a Polish version of the scale developed by P. Chelladurai and S. Saleh for examining coaching behavior (the Leadership Scale for Sports; LSS). Methods. The Polish version was constructed in two stages. In the first stage, the psychometric equivalence of the Polish translation was estimated by providing a Polish/English version of the questionnaire to a bilingual sample. Following verification of the psychometric properties of the experimental version and the adding of additional items to the scale, a second stage of analysis was performed using additional samples to assess the reliability and validity of the new scale. In total, 560 university physical education students, 180 athletes, and 75 coaches were recruited to participate in the study. The final version was deemed a reliable and valid reproduction of the LSS, consisting of 40 items representing five dimensions measuring coaching behavior. Results. Measures of reliability (internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliability) as well as validity (exploratory factory analysis with principal component analysis) of the final version of the Polish adaptation of the Leadership Scale for Sports were found to be satisfactory. It was determined that the Polish adaptation of the LSS is characterized by good psychometric properties and can be widely used in the sports environment. Conclusions. The Polish adaptation of the LSS reflects the five-factor structure of the original scale, closely reproducing the dimensions of training and instruction, democratic behavior, autocratic behavior, social support, and positive feedback. It can be used both for the measurement athletes’ preferences for coaching behavior and for assessing coaching behavior as observed by athletes.
机译：目的。这项研究的主要目的是开发波兰语版的P. Chelladurai和S. Saleh开发的量表，以检查教练行为（体育领导量表; LSS）。方法。波兰语版本分为两个阶段。在第一阶段，通过向双语样本提供问卷的波兰语/英语版本来评估波兰语翻译的心理等效性。在验证了实验版本的心理测量特性并向量表中添加了其他项目之后，使用其他样本进行了第二阶段的分析，以评估新量表的可靠性和有效性。总共招募了560名大学体育学生，180名运动员和75名教练参加这项研究。最终版本被认为是LSS的可靠且有效的复制品，其中包括40个项目，代表了衡量教练行为的五个维度。结果。波兰改编的体育领导量表的最终版本的信度（使用Cronbach's alpha的内部一致性和重测信度）以及有效性（探索性工厂分析和主成分分析）的测量结果令人满意。可以确定，波兰人对LSS的适应性具有良好的心理测量特性，可以在体育环境中广泛使用。结论。波兰对LSS的改编反映了原始规模的五要素结构，紧密再现了培训和指导，民主行为，专制行为，社会支持和积极反馈的范围。它既可以用于衡量运动员对教练行为的偏爱，也可以用于评估运动员观察到的教练行为。

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