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Presentation of Acoustic Waves Propagation and Their Effects Through Human Body Tissues

机译：声波的传播及其通过人体组织的影响

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Three types of acoustic waves are mainly used in the medical field, Extracorporeal Shock Waves (ESWs), Pressure Waves (PWs) and Ultrasound (US). Shock waves are acoustic waves that are characterized by high pressure amplitudes and an abrupt increase in pressure that propagates rapidly through a medium. The energy distribution in the treatment area differs from being wide over a large area, or concentrated in a narrow treatment zone, and as such influences the therapeutic and biological effect of the shock wave. Pressure waves are usually generated by the collision of solid bodies with an impact speed of a few metres per second, far below the speed the shock wave travels. There are major differences between PWs and ESWs, concerning not only their physical characteristics and the technique used for generating them, but also the order of the parameters normally used. The simulation effects and therapeutic mechanisms seem to be similar, despite the physical differences and the resulting different application areas (on the surface and in depth respectively). Ultrasound therapy is one of the modalities of physical medicine used for pain management and for increasing blood flow and mobility. Ultrasound and ESWs - PWs differ, despite their acoustic relationship, basically because ESWs - PWs show large pressure amplitudes with direct mechanical effects and US propagates within periodic oscillations within a limited bandwidth, and mainly direct thermal effects. Acoustic waves have direct mechanical and mechanotransduction effects on the cells and ECM increasing porosity, angiogenesis, releasing growth factors, enhancing proteosynthesis and viscoelastisity and inducing histeogenesis and repair processes.
机译：在医疗领域主要使用三种类型的声波：体外冲击波（ESW），压力波（PW）和超声（US）。冲击波是声波，其特征在于高压振幅和通过介质快速传播的压力突然增加。在治疗区域中的能量分布不同于大面积的能量分布或集中在狭窄的治疗区域，因此会影响冲击波的治疗和生物学作用。压力波通常是由固体碰撞产生的，其碰撞速度为每秒几米，远低于冲击波传播的速度。 PW和ESW之间存在主要差异，不仅涉及它们的物理特性和生成它们的技术，还涉及通常使用的参数的顺序。尽管存在物理差异以及由此产生的不同应用区域（分别在表面和深度），但模拟效果和治疗机制似乎相似。超声疗法是用于止痛，增加血流量和活动性的物理医学方法之一。超声波和ESW-PW尽管存在声学关系，但有所不同，主要是因为ESW-PW显示出很大的压力振幅，具有直接的机械作用，而US在有限带宽内的周期性振荡中传播，主要是直接的热作用。声波对细胞和ECM具有直接的机械和机械转导作用，从而增加孔隙率，血管生成，释放生长因子，增强蛋白合成和粘弹性并诱导组织发生和修复过程。

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