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Arthropod responses to the experimental isolation of Amazonian forest fragments

机译：节肢动物对亚马逊森林碎片实验隔离的反应

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Arthropods are the most diverse and abundant group of animals found in tropical lowland forests, and in light of ongoing global change phenomena, it is essential to better understand their responses to anthropogenic disturbances. Here we present a review of arthropod responses to forest deforestation and fragmentation based on studies conducted at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP), located in central Amazonia. These studies involved a wide range of arthropod groups. All but one of the studies evaluated changes in total species number or species density in relation to fragment size, (i.e. area effects), and one-third also evaluated edge effects. Our review indicates that almost every arthropod group studied showed some kind of response to reduction in forest area, including altered abundances, species richness or composition in comparisons of different-sized fragments, fragmented and non-fragmented areas, or comparisons of forest edges and forest interiors. These responses tended to be idiosyncratic, with some groups showing predicted declines in abundance or diversity in the fragments while others show no response or even increases. However, some of the observed effects on arthropods, or on the ecological processes in which they are involved, were transient. The most likely explanation for this was the rapid development of secondary growth around fragments, which greatly increased the connectivity between fragments and the remaining forest. Although the BDFFP has provided many insights regarding the effects of forest fragmentation on arthropod assemblages, many diverse groups, such as canopy arthropods, have received scant attention. For those that have been studied, much remains to be learned regarding the long-term dynamics of these assemblages and how landscape context influences local biodiversity. The BDFFP remains an exceptional site in which to investigate how the ecological interactions in which arthropods are engaged are altered in fragmented landscapes.
机译：节肢动物是在热带低地森林中发现的种类最多，种类最多的动物，鉴于不断发生的全球变化现象，有必要更好地了解它们对人为干扰的反应。在这里，我们根据位于亚马逊河中部的森林碎片的生物动力学项目（BDFFP）进行的研究，对节肢动物对森林砍伐和碎片化的反应进行了综述。这些研究涉及各种节肢动物群。除一项研究外，所有研究都评估了总物种数或物种密度相对于碎片大小的变化（即面积效应），三分之一的研究还评估了边缘效应。我们的评论表明，几乎每个研究的节肢动物类群都对森林面积的减少表现出某种反应，包括在不同大小的碎片，碎片和非碎片区域的比较，森林边缘与森林的比较中，丰度的变化，物种丰富度或组成的变化。内饰。这些反应往往是特异的，一些群体显示出预期的片段丰度或多样性下降，而另一些则没有反应甚至增加。但是，对节肢动物或其所涉及的生态过程的某些观察到的影响是短暂的。对此最可能的解释是碎片周围的次生生长迅速发展，这大大增加了碎片与其余森林之间的连通性。尽管BDFFP提供了许多关于森林破碎对节肢动物组合的影响的见解，但许多不同的群体（如冠层节肢动物）却很少受到关注。对于那些已经进行了研究的人来说，关于这些组合的长期动态以及景观环境如何影响当地生物多样性，还有很多事情要学。 BDFFP仍然是一个绝佳的场所，可在其中调查在破碎的景观中节肢动物参与的生态相互作用如何改变。

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