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首页> 外文期刊>Turkish Journal of Agriculture & Forestry >Balanced Crop Nutrition: Fertilizing for Crop and Food Quality
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Balanced Crop Nutrition: Fertilizing for Crop and Food Quality

机译：作物营养均衡：为作物和食品质量施肥

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Globally the ratio of N:P2O5:K2O changed from 2.5:1.3:1 in the 1980s to 3.6:1.4:1 in 2002 as N consumption outstripped that of K. Regardless of their decreased nutrient consumption, developed countries maintained a modest increase in agricultural production. Positive and similar growth rates for agricultural products and nutrient consumption prevail in developing countries, but with the use of a 35% higher nitrogen (N) to potassium (K) ratio than in developed countries. The outcome of a negative K balance is presented here using examples from India, China, Egypt, and Bulgaria. Reasons for a negative K balance stem mostly from farmers' lack of knowledge and socio-economic factors. Maintaining a negative K balance results in decreased soil fertility and stagnating and even decreasing productivity. Balanced and timely application of nutrients needs to be demonstrated through different parameters according to the prevailing agro-climatic conditions. Results from long-term experiments and intensive investment in educational activities play an important role in demonstrating the benefits of balanced fertilization. In contrast, when analyzing nutrient applications in organic agriculture, it appears that often these may not be sufficient to meet a crop's requirement in quantity and time of application and hence creating soil nutrient mining and pollution. Balanced fertilization is significant in reducing pest and disease infestation, which results in higher returns through larger yields and better quality. Finally, the economic benefit from site-specific nutrient management practices is demonstrated for Souteast Asia's farmers.
机译：在全球范围内，N：P2O5：K2O的比例从1980年代的2.5：1.3：1变为2002年的3.6：1.4：1，因为氮的消耗量超过了钾的水平。尽管养分消耗减少，发达国家的农业产量仍保持适度增长生产。在发展中国家，农产品和养分消耗的增长率为正值和相似值，但氮（N）/钾（K）比发达国家高出35％。此处使用来自印度，中国，埃及和保加利亚的示例介绍了负K平衡的结果。钾素负平衡的原因主要是由于农民缺乏知识和社会经济因素。保持负K平衡会导致土壤肥力下降，停滞甚至降低生产力。需要根据当前的农业气候条件，通过不同的参数来证明均衡，及时地施用养分。长期实验的结果和对教育活动的大量投资在证明均衡施肥的益处方面发挥着重要作用。相反，在分析有机农业中的养分施用时，似乎这些往往可能不足以满足作物对施用量和时间的要求，从而造成土壤养分的开采和污染。平衡施肥在减少病虫害方面具有重要意义，可通过提高产量和提高质量获得更高的回报。最后，针对东南亚农民展示了特定地点养分管理实践的经济收益。

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