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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of advanced transportation >How Well Does the Traffic System Protect Transit from Congestion? Measuring Route-Level Costs That Congestion Imposes on Transit Operators and Users
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How Well Does the Traffic System Protect Transit from Congestion? Measuring Route-Level Costs That Congestion Imposes on Transit Operators and Users

机译：交通系统如何很好地防止公交拥堵？测量交通运营商和用户拥堵带来的线路成本

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摘要

As transit agencies and road owners adopt the objective of protecting transit from congestion, it becomes important to have a method for measuring the cost that congestion imposes on transit. Congestion impacts transit both by lowering average speed and by increasing service unreliability. Altogether, five congestion impacts were identified increased running time and recovery time for transit operators and increased riding time, waiting time, and buffer time for passengers. A methodology for estimating those impacts was developed using automatic vehicle location data. The basic approach was to compare the impact variables during various periods of the week against a base period when there is no congestion (late night and early morning), making adjustments to account for differences in demand that affect running time apart from congestion. The methodology was successfully applied to a sample of 10 bus routes in the Boston area. The cost of congestion on the sample routes was found to range from $1 to $2 per passenger, with annual costs as great as $8 M per year on some routes. Of the total congestion cost, just under 20% applies to the operator, with the remainder applying to passengers. And while the operator is mainly affected by increased average delay, passengers are mainly affected by worsening service reliability.
机译：随着运输机构和道路所有者采取保护交通免受拥堵的目标，拥有一种方法来衡量交通拥堵造成的成本就变得很重要。拥塞通过降低平均速度和增加服务的不可靠性来影响运输。总共确定了五个拥堵影响，这对公交运营商增加了运行时间和恢复时间，并增加了乘客的乘车时间，等待时间和缓冲时间。使用自动车辆位置数据开发了一种估计这些影响的方法。基本方法是将一周中各个时段的影响变量与不存在拥堵的基准时段（深夜和清晨）进行比较，进行调整以解决影响需求的因素，这些需求会影响运行时间（拥堵除外）。该方法已成功应用于波士顿地区10条公交路线的样本。样本路线的拥堵成本为每位乘客1至2美元，某些路线每年的年度成本高达800万美元。在总拥堵成本中，不到20％适用于运营商，其余部分适用于乘客。并且，虽然运营商主要受到平均延误增加的影响，但乘客主要受到服务可靠性恶化的影响。

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