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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development >Contribution of agricultural and forestry extension services to inclusive extension system in North-West Pakistan: A case study of Mansehra and Swat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province
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Contribution of agricultural and forestry extension services to inclusive extension system in North-West Pakistan: A case study of Mansehra and Swat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province

机译：农业和林业推广服务对巴基斯坦西北部包容性推广系统的贡献：以开伯尔－普赫图赫瓦省的曼塞拉和斯瓦特地区为例

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Agriculture and forestry are generally considered as parallel activities where different institutions are working for rural people. The mountainous region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (KP) of Pakistan makes an interesting case study because good forest cover is appeared and farming is an important component of local livelihood system. This study presents the findings from the field survey of 48 extension services personnel (24 from each) of agriculture and forest departments. The main objectives of the study were to identify the linkages between agricultural and forestry extension services and to find out the factors hindering the effectiveness of linkages. A 3-point Likert scale was used to find out the frequency of the extension services offered for crops, trees and fruit trees by agricultural and forestry extension. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the frequencies, mean and standard deviation of the demographic characteristics of the respondents. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test for independent nonparametric sample was also used for finding the association among the areas of practices and the extension services. The results show that fruit trees are the common area of practices where both organizations provide extension services to the farming community. Both departments are also carrying-out the above services for fruit trees in particular while crops and other trees in general. Weak formal and in-formal contacts between agricultural and forestry extension services were found. It was concluded that by implementing common activities for fruit trees, linkages between agricultural and forestry extension services can be established. The paper also identifies differences in age, educational background, less number of field visits and weak formal linkages of field staff as the factors hindering the effectiveness of extension services.
机译：农业和林业通常被认为是平行活动，其中不同的机构为农村人民工作。巴基斯坦开伯尔·普赫图赫瓦省（KP）的山区进行了有趣的案例研究，因为出现了良好的森林覆盖率，而农业是当地生计系统的重要组成部分。这项研究提出了对农业和林业部门的48名推广服务人员（每人24名）进行实地调查的结果。该研究的主要目的是确定农业和林业推广服务之间的联系，并找出阻碍联系有效性的因素。使用三点李克特量表来确定通过农林扩展为作物，树木和果树提供扩展服务的频率。描述性分析用于描述受访者人口特征的频率，均值和标准差。独立非参数样本的Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U检验还用于发现业务实践和扩展服务领域之间的关联。结果表明，果树是两个组织向农业社区提供推广服务的共同实践领域。两个部门还为果树特别是庄稼和其他树木提供上述服务。发现农业和林业推广服务之间的正式和非正式联系薄弱。结论是，通过开展果树共同活动，可以建立农业和林业推广服务之间的联系。本文还确定了年龄，教育背景，实地探访次数较少和实地工作人员正式联系薄弱的差异，这是阻碍推广服务有效性的因素。

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