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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Applied Volcanology >Enhancing scientific response in a crisis: evidence-based approaches from emergency management in New Zealand
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Enhancing scientific response in a crisis: evidence-based approaches from emergency management in New Zealand

机译：在危机中加强科学应对：新西兰应急管理中基于证据的方法

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Contemporary approaches to multi-organisational response planning for the management of complex volcanic crises assume that identifying the types of expertise needed provides the foundation for effective response. We discuss why this is only one aspect, and present the social, psychological and organizational issues that need to be accommodated to realize the full benefits of multi-agency collaboration. We discuss the need to consider how organizational culture, inter-agency trust, mental models, information management and communication and decision making competencies and processes, need to be understood and accommodated in crisis management planning and delivery. This paper discusses how these issues can be reconciled within superordinate (overarching) management structures designed to accommodate multi-agency response that incorporates decision-making inputs from both the response management team and the science advisors. We review the science advisory processes within New Zealand (NZ), and discuss lessons learnt from research into the inter-organisational response to historical eruptions and exercises in NZ. We argue that team development training is essential and review the different types of training and exercising techniques (including cross training, positional rotation, scenario planning, collaborative exercises, and simulations) which can be used to develop a coordinated capability in multiagency teams. We argue that to truly enhance the science response, science agencies must learn from the emergency management sector and embark on exercise and simulation programs within their own organisations, rather than solely participating as external players in emergency management exercises. We thus propose a science-led tiered exercise program, with example exercise scenarios, which can be used to enhance both the internal science response and the interagency response to a national or international event, and provide direction for the effective writing and conduct of these exercises.
机译：用于管理复杂的火山危机的多组织响应计划的当代方法假定，确定所需的专业知识类型可为有效响应提供基础。我们讨论了为什么这仅仅是一个方面，并提出了实现多机构协作的全部利益所需的社会，心理和组织问题。我们讨论了需要考虑如何在危机管理计划和交付中理解和适应组织文化，机构间信任，心理模型，信息管理和沟通以及决策能力和流程的需求。本文讨论了如何在上级（总体）管理结构内协调这些问题，这些管理结构旨在适应多机构响应，并纳入了响应管理团队和科学顾问的决策投入。我们回顾了新西兰（NZ）内的科学咨询流程，并讨论了从研究机构间对历史性喷发和演习的组织间反应中学到的经验教训。我们认为团队发展培训是必不可少的，并回顾了可用于在多机构团队中发展协调能力的不同类型的培训和锻炼技术（包括交叉培训，位置轮换，情景计划，协作练习和模拟）。我们认为，要真正增强科学反应，科学机构必须向应急管理部门学习，并在自己的组织内开展演习和模拟计划，而不是仅作为外部参与者参加应急管理演习。因此，我们提出了一个以科学为主导的分级锻炼计划，并附有示例锻炼场景，可用于增强对国家或国际事件的内部科学反应和机构间反应，并为有效编写和进行这些锻炼提供指导。

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