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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science >Reviewing Self-Injuries Behavior in Macaques: The Role of Early Experience and Genetics in an Integrated Non-Human Model
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Reviewing Self-Injuries Behavior in Macaques: The Role of Early Experience and Genetics in an Integrated Non-Human Model

机译：回顾猕猴的自残行为：早期经验和遗传学在综合非人类模型中的作用。

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Genetic differences in non-human primates and the context where they were reared are important in the determination of their behaviors. Some studies suggest that Self-Injurious Behavior results from stress or anxiety, but some macaques appear to be more vulnerable to acquiring Self-Injurious Behavior. Vulnerability and risk for socially reared macaques of developing Self-Injurious Behavior increased when they experienced early adverse events and suffered from consequent stress. Stressful events can cause alterations in the neuroendocrine and neuropeptide systems associated with the regulation of stress and anxiety. Dysregulation in these systems contributes to the occurrence of anxious episodes that lead to self-harm. This could be used by those animals to counteract the effects of anxiety, causing euphoria by releasing endogenous opioids. In developing an integrative approach of Self-Injurious Behavior, we propose the diathesis-stress model to illustrate how the environment and genetics are influenced as well, taking rhesus monkeys as an example. Rhesus macaques and humans have essentially the same gene 5-HTT as well as functional polymorphism. The allelic variation in the region promoting the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT) was associated with significant differences in the number of depressive symptoms and contributions to social reward and punishment. Growing up without the mother and the rearing environment are important risk factors for developing abnormal behaviors. The main idea is that monkeys who carry short 5-HTT allele and are reared with their peers (without their mother) suffer from neurobiological
机译：非人类灵长类动物的遗传差异及其饲养环境对决定其行为很重要。一些研究表明，自残行为是由压力或焦虑引起的，但某些猕猴似乎更容易获得自残行为。当他们经历早期的不良事件并遭受随之而来的压力时，他们在社交上饲养的猕猴的自发伤害行为的脆弱性和风险增加。压力事件可能会导致神经内分泌和神经肽系统的变化，与压力和焦虑的调节有关。这些系统中的调节失调导致焦虑发作的发生，从而导致自我伤害。这些动物可以用它来抵消焦虑的影响，通过释放内源性阿片类物质而引起欣快感。在开发自残行为的综合方法时，我们提出了素质-压力模型，以恒河猴为例，说明环境和遗传学也如何受到影响。猕猴和人类具有基本相同的5-HTT基因以及功能多态性。促进5-羟色胺转运蛋白基因（5-HTT）区域的等位基因变异与抑郁症状的数量以及对社会奖惩的贡献显着不同。在没有母亲的情况下长大和饲养环境是发展异常行为的重要危险因素。主要思想是携带短的5-HTT等位基因并与同伴（没有母亲）一起饲养的猴子患有神经生物学疾病

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