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A Unified Yang Mills Field and Higgs Field towards a Superfluid Model for Particles of the Universe

机译：统一的Yang Mills场和Higgs场对宇宙粒子的超流体模型

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A different approach using the covariant derivative, the theoretical framework of local gauge invariance is used to derive the Yang Mills field, unlike the usual way of extending the Maxwell’s equations from linear to nonlinear cases by adding a quadratic term in the vector potential. This avoids the weakness of resulting massless particles as Maxwell’s equation is meant for photons which are massless. Also since Yang Mills field is basically electromagnetic in nature and electromagnetic force is long range in nature and so it cannot explain the subatomic range of forces in the nucleus. Covariant derivative is also used to derive the Higgs field as covariant derivative is applicable to both symmetry and broken symmetry cases. A detailed mass acquisition mechanism for material particles and force particles is given for the Higgs field. This paves the way towards a unified Yang Mills Field and Higgs field. I show that the Yang Mills field is a special case of the united field when the temperature is above the critical temperature of the spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) when the Higgs field is zero and the masses of all particles are zero. This shows that SSB like Yang Mills theory is also an important ingredient of the Standard Model. It even has a broader implication that it can be extended to all particles in the universe unlike Yang Mills theoy is only meant for the atomic particles. Higgs boson is a product of SSB and it causes the Big Bang point to the role of SSB in the Big Bang creation of the universe and this give support to the superfluid model for the particles of the universe. I thus extend SSB to all particles of the universe and hence propose a superfluid model as the theory beyond the Standard Model to describe all the particles in the universe, including the dark energy particles and the dark matter particles. The critical temperature for SSB is equivalent to the extremely high temperature which occurs during the Big Bang. My thought has the support of the works of Tom Kibble and Kerson Huang who also propose second order phase transition and SSB to describe the early universe.
机译：使用协变导数的另一种方法是使用局部规范不变性的理论框架来导出Yang Mills场，这与通过在矢量势中添加二次项来将麦克斯韦方程组从线性情况扩展到非线性情况的通常方法不同。这避免了产生的无质量粒子的缺点，因为麦克斯韦方程式适用于无质量的光子。同样，由于杨米尔斯场本质上本质上是电磁场，而电磁力本质上是远距离的，因此它不能解释原子力场的亚原子范围。协变导数也可用于推导希格斯场，因为协变导数适用于对称情况和破损对称情况。针对希格斯场，给出了用于材​​料粒子和力粒子的详细质量获取机制。这为走向杨米尔斯油田和希格斯油田的统一铺平了道路。我证明，当希格斯场为零且所有粒子的质量为零时，当温度高于自发对称破坏（SSB）的临界温度时，杨米尔斯场是联合场的特例。这表明，像Yang Mills理论一样的SSB也是标准模型的重要组成部分。它甚至具有更广泛的含义，它可以扩展到宇宙中的所有粒子，这与Yang Mills的理论仅适用于原子粒子不同。希格斯玻色子是SSB的产物，它使Big Bang指向SSB在宇宙Big Bang创造中的作用，这为宇宙粒子的超流体模型提供了支持。因此，我将SSB扩展到宇宙中的所有粒子，并因此提出了超流体模型作为标准模型之外的理论来描述宇宙中的所有粒子，包括暗能量粒子和暗物质粒子。 SSB的临界温度等于大爆炸期间发生的极高温度。我的思想得到汤姆·基布尔（Tom Kibble）和克尔森·黄（Kerson Huang）的支持，后者还提出了二阶相变和SSB来描述早期宇宙。

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