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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of biosciences >From fission to fusion: A perspective on the research that won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 2013
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From fission to fusion: A perspective on the research that won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 2013

机译：从裂变到融合：2013年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的研究观点

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Secretion is widespread in all eukaryotic cells: all of us experience this in the course of daily life a€“ saliva, mucus, sweat, tears, bile juice, adrenalin, etc. a€“ the list is extremely long. How does a cell manage to repeatedly spit out some stuff without losing the rest? The answer is: through regulated vesicle trafficking within the cell. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013 was awarded to Drs Randy Schekman, James E Rothman and Thomas C S??dhof for their a€?discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cellsa€?. Dr Randy Schekman and his colleagues discovered a number of genes required for vesicle trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi; the James E Rothman group unravelled the protein machinery that allows vesicles to bud off from the membrane and fuse to their targets; and Dr Thomas C S??dhof along with his colleagues revealed how calcium ions could instruct vesicles to fuse and discharge their contents with precision. These enabled the biotechnology industry to produce a variety of pharmaceutical and industrial products like insulin and hepatitis B vaccines, in a cost-efficient manner, using yeast and tissue cultured cells.
机译：分泌在所有真核细胞中都很普遍：我们每个人在日常生活过程中都会遇到这种情况，例如唾液，粘液，汗水，眼泪，胆汁，肾上腺素等。这个清单非常长。一个单元如何设法反复吐出一些东西而又不会丢失其余部分？答案是：通过调节细胞内小泡的运输。 Randy Schekman博士，James E Rothman博士和Thomas C S？dhof博士因发现调节囊泡运输的机器（我们细胞中的主要运输系统）而获得了2013年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。 Randy Schekman博士及其同事从内质网（ER）和高尔基体中发现了许多小泡运输所需的基因。詹姆斯·罗斯曼（James E Rothman）研究小组揭示了蛋白质机制，该机制可使囊泡从膜上萌芽并融合到其靶标上。 Thomas C S ?? dhof博士和他的同事们揭示了钙离子如何指导囊泡精确地融合和释放其内含物。这些使生物技术行业能够使用酵母和组织培养的细胞，以经济高效的方式生产各种药品和工业产品，例如胰岛素和乙肝疫苗。

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