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A Quest to Identify Prostate Cancer Circulating Biomarkers with a Bench-to-Bedside Potential

机译:寻求从台到床的潜力识别前列腺癌循环生物标志物

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Prostate cancer (PCA) is a major health concern in current times. Ever since prostate specific antigen (PSA) was introduced in clinical practice almost three decades ago, the diagnosis and management of PCA have been revolutionized. With time, concerns arose as to the inherent shortcomings of this biomarker and alternatives were actively sought. Over the past decade new PCA biomarkers have been identified in tissue, blood, urine, and other body fluids that offer improved specificity and supplement our knowledge of disease progression. This review focuses on superiority of circulating biomarkers over tissue biomarkers due to the advantages of being more readily accessible, minimally invasive (blood) or noninvasive (urine), accessible for sampling on regular intervals, and easily utilized for follow-up after surgery or other treatment modalities. Some of the circulating biomarkers like PCA3, IL-6, and TMPRSS2-ERG are now detectable by commercially available kits while others like microRNAs (miR-21, -221, -141) and exosomes hold potential to become available as multiplexed assays. In this paper, we will review some of these potential candidate circulating biomarkers that either individually or in combination, once validated with large-scale trials, may eventually get utilized clinically for improved diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment.
机译:前列腺癌(PCA)是当前主要的健康问题。自将近三十年前前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)被引入临床实践以来,PCA的诊断和管理已发生了革命性的变化。随着时间的流逝,人们对这种生物标志物的固有缺点产生了担忧,并积极寻求替代方案。在过去的十年中,已经在组织,血液,尿液和其他体液中发现了新的PCA生物标志物,这些标志物提供了更高的特异性并补充了我们对疾病进展的了解。综述着眼于循环生物标志物优于组织生物标志物的优越性,因为它具有以下优势:更容易获取,微创(血液)或非侵入性(尿液),可定期采样,在手术或其他手术后易于随访治疗方式。现在可以通过市售试剂盒检测某些循环生物标志物,例如PCA3,IL-6和TMPRSS2-ERG,而其他一些生物标志物,如microRNA(miR-21,-221,-141)和外泌体,则有可能成为多元测定的工具。在本文中,我们将回顾这些潜在的候选循环生物标志物中的一些,这些标志物无论是单独还是组合使用,一旦经过大规模试验验证,最终都可以在临床上用于改善诊断,风险分层和治疗。

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