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Vascular Calcification and Stone Disease: A New Look towards the Mechanism

机译:血管钙化和结石疾病:对该机制的新见解

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Calcium phosphate (CaP) crystals are formed in pathological calcification as well as during stone formation. Although there are several theories as to how these crystals can develop through the combined interactions of biochemical and biophysical factors, the exact mechanism of such mineralization is largely unknown. Based on the published scientific literature, we found that common factors can link the initial stages of stone formation and calcification in anatomically distal tissues and organs. For example, changes to the spatiotemporal conditions of the fluid flow in tubular structures may provide initial condition(s) for CaP crystal generation needed for stone formation. Additionally, recent evidence has provided a meaningful association between the active participation of proteins and transcription factors found in the bone forming (ossification) mechanism that are also involved in the early stages of kidney stone formation and arterial calcification. Our review will focus on three topics of discussion (physiological influences—calcium and phosphate concentration—and similarities to ossification, or bone formation) that may elucidate some commonality in the mechanisms of stone formation and calcification, and pave the way towards opening new avenues for further research.
机译:磷酸钙(CaP)晶体是在病理性钙化以及结石过程中形成的。尽管关于这些晶体如何通过生化和生物物理因素的相互作用而发展出来的方法有几种理论,但这种矿化的确切机理在很大程度上尚不清楚。根据已发表的科学文献,我们发现常见因素可以将解剖学上远端组织和器官的结石形成和钙化的初始阶段联系起来。例如,管状结构中流体流动的时空条件的改变可以为形成石头所需的CaP晶体产生提供初始条件。另外,最近的证据提供了蛋白质的积极参与与在骨形成(骨化)机制中发现的转录因子之间的有意义的联系,这些转录因子也参与了肾结石形成和动脉钙化的早期阶段。我们的评论将集中于三个讨论主题(生理影响-钙和磷酸盐的浓度以及与骨化或骨形成的相似性),这可能阐明了结石和钙化机制的某些共性,并为开辟新的途径铺平了道路。进一步的研究。

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