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Energy Efficiency and Emissions Analysis of Ammonia, Hydrogen, and Hydrocarbon Fuels

机译：氨，氢和碳氢燃料的能效和排放分析

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This paper compares some typical fossil fuels with carbon-free fuels from aspects of combustion-related properties, energy efficiency and emissions. It is based on the assumption that the fuel of interest is completely combusted. The comparison indicators include species of exhaust gases, wasted heat of emissions and the quantities thereof. It is found that in spite of the weakness of lower volume energy density of ammonia than gasoline, diesel and methane, the lower corresponding air-fuel ratio of ammonia compromised this weakness. From the comparison of total emissions by mass, it is found that combustion of ammonia generates a much smaller amount of total emissions than the combustion of the same kilogram of hydrogen, gasoline, diesel, methane, and ethanol. Although combustion of hydrogen does not generate CO_2, the total emissions by mass are much larger than other fuels and is 5 times greater than ammonia per unit mass of fuel. Besides, the total amount of emissions of these fuels is similar when producing the same amount of combustion heat. It is concluded that ammonia is a very promising fuel that not only generates fewer CO_2 emissions, fewer total emissions, but also performs high energy efficiency.
机译：本文从与燃烧有关的性质，能效和排放方面比较了一些典型的化石燃料与无碳燃料。它基于这样的假设，即所关注的燃料已完全燃烧。比较指标包括废气的种类，排放的废热及其数量。已经发现，尽管氨的体积能密度比汽油，柴油和甲烷低，但相应的较低的氨空燃比降低了该弱点。通过按质量比较总排放量，发现与相同千克的氢气，汽油，柴油，甲烷和乙醇燃烧相比，氨燃烧产生的总排放量要少得多。尽管氢的燃烧不会产生CO_2，但按质量计算的总排放量比其他燃料大得多，并且是每单位质量燃料的氨气的5倍。此外，当产生相同数量的燃烧热时，这些燃料的排放总量相似。结论是氨是一种非常有前途的燃料，它不仅产生较少的CO_2排放，较少的总排放，而且还具有很高的能源效率。

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