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Applied Earthquake Engineering in the Research of Vulnerable Masonry Structures

机译：地震工程在脆弱砌体结构研究中的应用

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Strong earthquakes caused damages or collapses of vulnerable masonry structures. Over the last few decades, a great number of historical masonry bell towers which were erected in areas of relatively high seismic activity, have suffered from damages and cracking by earthquakes. In addition to these damages other causes, as thermal and hydroscopic strain and cyclic stress caused by wind action can act in combination with the long term phenomena and contribute to worsen the damages. Consequently, some of the most known bell towers have collapsed today or have been reconstructed. So, the medieval tower of Pavia (Italy) collapsed on March 17th, 1989, the bell tower of Cathedral of Monza (Italy) collapsed in May, 1993, the Cathedral of Noto (Sicily-Italy) collapsed in March 1999, the bell tower of St. Mark in Venice collapsed in 1902 and it was rebuilt later and many other cases. The few survived till today masonry “slender” bell towers are under considerable damages (such as the bell towers on Corfu island in Greece) and many of them are masterpieces of architecture in the past centuries. The aim of this paper is to describe the behavior of these bell towers under dynamic loading and to research how the geometry of these structures and the ground soil has affected their response to earthquakes. The finite element program SAP 2000 has been used for the study of the dynamic analysis of bell towers.
机译：强地震造成易损的砖石结构损坏或倒塌。在过去的几十年中，在地震活动相对较高的地区竖立了许多历史悠久的砌筑钟楼，遭受了地震的破坏和破裂。除了这些损坏外，其他原因还包括风的作用引起的热和吸湿应变以及循环应力，这些现象可与长期现象结合使用，并加剧损坏。因此，一些最著名的钟楼今天倒塌或被重建。因此，帕维亚（意大利）的中世纪塔楼于1989年3月17日倒塌，蒙扎（意大利）大教堂的钟楼于1993年5月倒塌，诺托（西西里岛-意大利）的大教堂于1999年3月倒塌，钟楼威尼斯圣马克教堂（St. Mark）于1902年倒塌，后来被重建，还有许多其他情况。直到今天，只有少数幸存下来的砖石“苗条”钟楼受到了严重破坏（例如希腊科孚岛上的钟楼），其中许多是过去几个世纪的建筑杰作。本文的目的是描述这些钟楼在动态载荷下的行为，并研究这些结构和地面土壤的几何形状如何影响其对地震的响应。有限元程序SAP 2000已用于钟楼动力分析的研究。

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