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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development >Political Restructuring, Federalism and Democratic Sustainability in Nigeria
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Political Restructuring, Federalism and Democratic Sustainability in Nigeria

机译：尼日利亚的政治体制改革，联邦制和民主可持续性

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Nigeria has undergone a long process of restructuring in terms of the number of geo-political administrative areas called states or regions constituting the country. This process is popularly referred to as “state creation”, that is the process whereby new geo-political units/constituents known as “states” in most federations are created out of existing or old ones. The outcome of this process is usually an increase in the number of states constituting the Nigerian federation. Nigeria is one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world with well over 250 ethno linguistic groups, some of which are bigger than many independent states of contemporary Africa. The Nigerian federalism is a creation of the British. Before the arrival of British colonialists, the area now known as Nigeria was inhabited by peoples who belonged to different Empires, kingdoms and societies, which were traditionally administered. The arrival of British and other European explorers, merchants and religious missionaries introduced slave trade and conflicts and then consequently bringing a new system of governance that executed the organized and transparent institutions and governments that had existed before the balkanization of Africa. This suggests that the formation, evolutionary process and unification of Nigerian political and administrative systems did not represent the interest and aspirations of the natives or ethnic groups. The early pre-independence constitutional development is an example of this misrepresentation of the native consent on what type of system Nigeria will run- whether a federation, a confederation, unitary or not. After the amalgamation of the Northern and Southern protectorates of Nigeria in 1914, the country was more or less run as unitary colony with twenty four provinces (12 in the North and 12 in the South) until the establishment of the federal order by the Richards constitution of 1946. Thereafter, ethnic politics (otherwise known as tribalism) and regionalism have become definitive features of Nigeria federalism. The aim of this paper was therefore, to examine the origins and sequences of events on restructuring that creates the contemporary Nigerian state including the structure and features of Nigerian Federalism and it traces. The paper revealed that some of the challenges facing Nigerian federalism are; revenue sharing formula among the tiers, state creation, resource control and power sharing. This all have cumulated in placing the democratic rule in the country at a disadvantaged position. Consequently, the dividends of democracy have seized to reach the hands of the common people. It is on the bases of this some policy recommendations were made.
机译：尼日利亚经历了漫长的重组过程，涉及被称为国家或地区的地缘政治行政区。此过程通常称为“状态创建”，即在大多数联盟中，从现有或旧联盟中创建新的地缘政治单位/选区，称为“州”。这个过程的结果通常是组成尼日利亚联邦的国家数量增加。尼日利亚是世界上种族差异最大的国家之一，拥有250多个民族的语言群体，其中一些比当代非洲许多独立国家还大。尼日利亚联邦制是英国人的产物。在英国殖民主义者到来之前，现在被称为尼日利亚的地区居住着属于不同帝国，王国和社会的人民，这些人民传统上是被管理的。英国和其他欧洲探险家，商人和宗教传教士的到来，带来了奴隶贸易和冲突，因此带来了一种新的治理体系，该体系执行了非洲巴尔干化之前存在的组织化和透明的机构和政府。这表明尼日利亚政治和行政体系的形成，演变过程和统一并不代表土著或民族的兴趣和愿望。独立前的早期宪法发展就是对尼日利亚对哪种类型的系统（不管是联邦制，联邦制还是单一制）的同意表示错误的一个例子。 1914年尼日利亚北部和南部保护区合并后，该国或多或少地由二十四个省（北部的12个州和南部的12个州）作为统一殖民地运行，直到理查兹宪法确立了联邦制1946年的美国。后来，族裔政治（也称为部落主义）和区域主义已成为尼日利亚联邦制的确定特征。因此，本文的目的是研究重组的事件的起源和顺序，这些重组创建了当代的尼日利亚国家，包括尼日利亚联邦主义的结构和特征及其痕迹。该文件显示，尼日利亚联邦制面临的一些挑战是：各层之间的收入共享公式，状态创建，资源控制和权力共享。这一切都使该国的民主统治处于不利地位。因此，民主的红利已经抓住了平民百姓的手中。正是基于此，提出了一些政策建议。

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