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Role of Chitotriosidase (Chitinase 1) Under Normal and Disease Conditions

机译:正常和疾病条件下壳三糖苷酶(几丁质酶1)的作用

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Mammalian chitinases belong to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family based on structural homology and the familyincludes a large number of bacterial and eukaryotic chitinases. Among the mammalian chitinases, chitotriosidase (CHIT1)and acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) are capable of hydrolyzing the β-(1, 4)-linkage between the adjacent N-acetylglucosamine residues of chitin. CHIT1 is one of the most abundantly secreted proteins, being mainly produced byactivated macrophages and epithelial cells. CHIT1 plays a pivotal role in the context of infectious disease includingmalaria and fungi infections as a host defense towards chitin in pathogen’s cell structure and as a diagnostic marker ofdisease. In contrast, CHI1 released by activated Kupffer cells in liver could induce hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis.Increased serum levels of CHIT1 were observed in patients with many disorders, including Gaucher’s disease, bronchialasthma, and atherosclerosis. Therefore, CHIT1 seems to have dual (regulatory and pathogenic) roles depending on thedisease and producing cell types during the inflammatory conditions.
机译:哺乳动物几丁质酶基于结构同源性属于糖基水解酶18家族,并且该家族包括大量细菌和真核几丁质酶。在哺乳动物几丁质酶中,壳三糖苷酶(CHIT1)和酸性哺乳动物几丁质酶(AMCase)能够水解几丁质的相邻N-乙酰氨基葡糖残基之间的β-(1,4)-键。 CHIT1是分泌最丰富的蛋白质之一,主要由活化的巨噬细胞和上皮细胞产生。 CHIT1在包括疟疾和真菌感染在内的传染病中起着举足轻重的作用,它是病原体细胞结构中几丁质的宿主防御物,也是疾病的诊断标记。相比之下,活化的库普弗细胞在肝脏中释放的CHI1则可能诱发肝纤维化和肝硬化。在患有高雪氏病,支气管哮喘和动脉粥样硬化等多种疾病的患者中,血清CHIT1水平升高。因此,CHIT1似乎具有双重作用(调节性和致病性),这取决于疾病和炎症条件下产生的细胞类型。

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